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Файл:Why is English spelling exceptionally irregular...doc
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- •Why is English spelling exceptionally irregular?
- •69 English spellings have more than one pronunciation
- •All common English words with phonically unreliable letters
- •Missing or misleading doubled consonants
- •Vacuum, decade, executive, recognise, record (noun), second, secular, liquor, liquorice, crocodile, documents.
- •Some words have doubled consonants which do not follow a short, stressed vowel
- •It can sound like the u in cup, oa in toast, oo as in book or oo in boot and e as in herb
- •In blood, flood and brooch oo has other sounds [blud, flud, broach].
- •103 English words which have
- •English spellings a-z and their exceptions
- •Install, tall, wall, instalment,
- •In longer words dg / g is less predictable
- •Doubled Consonants
- •Vacuum, decade, executive, recognise, record (noun), second, secular; crocodile, documents.
- •Vessel - trestle, wrestle, bristle, gristle, thistle, whistle,
- •In other words the spellings for it are highly unpredictable,
- •In uk English also: geezer/geyser, leaver/lever.
- •In at least 107 words,
- •In uk English, where there is also differentiation between
- •In American English the following are also with –or, but –our in uk:
- •In uk English an unstressed –a ending is pronounced much like an –er one too:
- •More recently imported words
- •In standard uk English the regular –aw endings
- •In the middle of words the spelling of the
- •Initial.
- •In the middle of words
In the middle of words
the main spelling for the z-sound is s (desire, result) and in
endings –se (rise). - (See -s- and –se.)
-zz- / -z- / -s- - (dizzy –lizard - risen) – unpredictable. -
See Doubled Consonants.
All the words above are also listed in 'Rules and Exceptions of English Spelling' published by Pegasus in 2009
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