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Why is English spelling exceptionally irregular...doc
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More recently imported words

     with regular o-e and -o spellings:

Alcove, associated, bulldoze, crochet, chrome, commotion, component, compose, casserole, devoted, diploma, dispose, elope, explode, expose, global, heroic, impose, Joseph, jovial, kimono, local, located, lotion, mobile, mode, moment, motel, motive, node, nomad, note, notice, oboe, ocean, October, omen, opal, oppose, opponent, oval, phone, poem, polar, pose, postpone, potion, proboscis, process, programme, promote, proposal, protest, quote, robe, remote, Roman, rover, slogan, sober, sociable, social, socialism, socialist, soda, sofa, solar, suppose, token, total, trombone, utopia, vocal, vote, yodel, yoke, zodiac, zone.

     Albino, armadillo, banjo, bingo, buffalo, cargo, cello, disco, domino, duo, dynamo, echo, Eskimo, flamingo, halo, hero, judo, kimono, motto, panto, piano, piccolo, Pluto, polo, potato, pro, pseudo, radio, ratio, solo, soprano, studio, tango, tobacco, tomato, tornado, torpedo, trio, video, volcano, zero.

   But:  Bungalow.  Cocoa.  Oboe.  Pharaoh.  Depot.

Oi,  -oy - (spoil,  ploy) – These spellings have

                                               few exceptions.

Loyal, (loyalty), oyster, royal, (royalty), voyage.

      Boy/buoy.

OO,  -oo - (food /good,  too) - with many exceptions.

        Other spellings for long oo:

Brutal, brute, crucial, crude, fluent, fluid, Fluke, flute, frugal, glucose, intrude, jubilant, July, June, Jupiter, Jury, Juvenile, lubricate, ludo, ludicrous, lukewarm, luminous, lunar, lunatic, plural, prune, recluse, ruby, rude, ruin, rule, rural, secluded, truant, truce, truly, truth, Zulu.

     Bruise, cruise, sluice; fruit, recruit.

Acoustic, bivouac, boutique, coupon, group, recoup, route, soup, toucan, tourist, troupe, wound, youth.

     Lose, move, prove.

Tomb, womb.

     Gruesome. Sleuth. Manoeuvre. Shrewd, strewn.

Blew/blue, flew/flue/flu, threw/through, brew, crew, drew, grew, screw, shrew, slew, strew, cashew.

   Clue, glue, rue, true, accrue, construe. Gnu, guru.

Do, who, lasso. You. Choux. Canoe.

Poo/pooh,  shoo/shoe,  too/to/two.

     Long oo-sound spelt oo:

Baboon, balloon, bloom, boom, boon, boost, boot, brood, broom, cartoon, choose, cocoon, cool, doom, droop, food, fool, gloom, goose, groom, groove, harpoon, hoof, hooligan, hoop, hoot, lagoon, loom, loop, loose, loosen, loot, macaroon, maroon, mood, moon, moor, moot, mushroom, noodle, noon, noose, pontoon, poodle, pool, poop, poor, proof, roof, room, root, saloon, school, schooner, scoop, scoot, scooter, shoot, smooth, snooker, soon, soothe, spoof, spook, spool, spoon, stool, stoop, swoon, swoop, tool, tooth, troop, whoop, zoom.

         Boo, coo, goo, loo, moo, woo, zoo,

         bamboo, cockatoo, hullabaloo, igloo, kangaroo,

         shampoo, tattoo, voodoo, yahoo.

Short oo   spellings are all unpredictable

                    and borrowed from spellings for other sounds

                    (e.g. good/food, should/shoulder, full/dull).

Good, hood, stood, wood.

       Book, brook, cook, hook, look, rook, shook, took.

       Wool. Whoosh. Foot.

Could, should, would

       Cuckoo.

       Bull, full, pull, bullet, bullion. 

       Bush, cushion, push, shush. 

      Put, butcher, pudding, pussy, sugar.

      Wolf, woman.   Courier.

Or,  -ore – (lord, more) - The stressed or-sound has

        few irregular spellings inside words:

Course/coarse, horse/hoarse, source, resource. Court. Tournament.

Quart, quarter. Warm, warn, wart. Board, hoard.

As an ending -or is spelt unpredictably:

For/four,  (fourth, fourteen,  forty),    nor, or/oar.

Door,  floor,  moor,   poor/pour,  tour,  your.

Boar,  roar,  soar.  Abhor.

        Bore, chore, core, fore, gore, more, ore, pore, score, shore, snore, sore, store, tore, swore, wore/war.

Adore, ashore, before, carnivore, folklore, ignore, implore.

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