In American English the following are also with –or, but –our in uk:

Armour, behaviour, colour, favour, flavour, glamour, harbour, honour, humour, labour, neighbour, odour, parlour, rumour, saviour, savour, splendour, tumour.

    Angular, burglar, caterpillar, cellar, circular, collar, dollar, familiar, grammar, jaguar, liar, lunar, muscular, nectar, particular, peculiar, pillar, polar, poplar, popular, regular, scholar, secular, similar, solar, spectacular, sugar, vicar, vulgar.

   Answer, chauffeur, jodhpurs, martyr.

Badger, danger, endanger, ginger, manager, manger, merger, passenger, stranger, teenager.

   Conjure, exposure, injure, leisure, measure, pleasure, treasure, procedure.

Butcher, catcher, pitcher.

   Adventure, agriculture, architecture, capture, caricature, creature, culture, departure, expenditure, feature, fracture, furniture, future, gesture, lecture, legislature, literature, manufacture, miniature, mixture, nature, picture, puncture, scripture, signature, structure, temperature, torture, venture, vulture.

In uk English an unstressed –a ending is pronounced much like an –er one too:

   Algebra, antenna, area, arena, armada, asthma, banana, cafeteria, camera, capita, china, cinema, cobra, dahlia, data, dilemma, diploma, drama, era, extra, formula, gala, gondola, gorilla, gymkhana, hydrangea, hyena, idea, larva, lava, llama, malaria, militia, nebula, opera, orchestra, panda, panorama, peninsula, piazza, piranha, pizza, pneumonia, propaganda, pupa, quota, regatta, replica, soda, sofa, stigma, tarantula, tiara, tuba, tundra, umbrella, utopia, vanilla, veranda, via, villa, yoga, zebra. Cheetah.

F – (fun; sniff),

      but not in the following:

Phantom, pharaoh, phase, pheasant, phenomenon, philosophy, physics, physiological, phone, photograph, phrase;

alphabet, amphibian, asphyxiate, apostrophe, catastrophe, cellophane, decipher, dolphin, elephant, emphasise, nephew, orphan, pamphlet, prophet, sapphire, siphon, sophisticated, sphere, symphony, trophy, typhoon;

Graph, Joseph, nymph, triumph.

   Laugh, draught.

Cough, trough, enough, rough, sloughx2 [slou/sluf], tough.

Chef, clef, if, of.

-ff- / -f- (offer – profit) - unpredictable.

            See Doubled Consonants.

G - (garden; get, gift) - Some words have extra letters after g

     to show that it should be pronounced as in

     ‘garden’, and not with the j-sound, of ‘gentle giant’:

Gherkin; spaghetti. Guess, guest, guerrillas.

Guillotine, guilt, guinea-pig, guitar, disguise, guide; dinghy, guy.

   Hard g before e, i and y without extra letters:

Gear, geese, get, geyser, anger, eager, finger, hunger, linger, tiger, hamburger, forget, target.

Giddy, giggle, gild, gills, gilt, girder, girdle, girl, give; begin, corgi, gymkhana.

   With totally surplus extra letters after g (cf. got big):

Ghastly, guarantee, guard, ghost, ghoulish, yogurt/yoghurt.

Catalogue, dialogue, epilogue, synagogue. Colleague, fatigue, league. Meringue, tongue.

-ge, -gi- - (age, engine, revenge) - are the main spellings for a

                  j-sound inside words and in endings, except in:

Adjective, inject, object, objection, project, reject, subject. Majesty, majestic.

Spinach, sandwich (in UK pronunciation).

   (For ‘gentle/jester’ see J.)

-gg- / -g- - (shaggy – dragon) – unpredictable.

                      See Doubled Consonants.

H – (hot, hoot) – with very few exceptions:

        Who, whom, whose, whooping. Whole, wholly.

H can cause reading problems by being silent

(school, ghastly, when), as shown under C, G and W.

I – (sit)) – with at least 53 exceptions,

      mainly y which has a variable sound (typical type)

      except:

Build, built, busy, English, pretty, sieve, vineyard, women.

     Abyss, crypt, crystal, cyclical, cygnet, cymbals, cyst, eucalyptus, gym, hymn, hypnotise, lynch, lynx, mystery, myth, Olympics, rhythm, syllable, symbol, symmetry, sympathy, symptom, synchronise, syndicate, syndrome, synthesis, system.

   The following words should really have a doubled consonant too (like ‘syllable’ and ‘symmetry’)

Chrysalis, cylinder, cynical, lyric, physics, synagogue, synonym, syrup, typical, tyranny.

   With y for an unstressed i-sound:

Analysis, bicycle, chrysanthemum, hysterical, pyjamas, platypus, synopsis, syringe.

i-e - (bite) - with quite a few exceptions:

         I /eye.

Bite/bight(bay),  knight/night,  lite/light,  mite/might,  rite/right/write,  slight/sleight(of hand), sight/site/cite,

alight, blight, bright, delight, fight, flight, fright, frighten, lightning, mighty, tight.

Height; indict.

Behind, bind, blind, find, grind, hind, kind, mind, ninth, pint, rind, wind x2;

Bible, bridle, disciple, idle, rifle, stifle, trifle. (cf. libel, idol - biblical).

Child, mild, wild, whilst; island; climb (cf. children, mildew)

Tire/tyre, asylum, cycle, cypress, dyke, dynamic, dynamite, dynamo, hyacinth, hydrangea, hydrogen, hyena, hygrometer, hypothesis, nylon, paralyse, psychology, pylon, python, rhyme, scythe, style, thyroid, type, tyrant.

Eider-down, Fahrenheit, kaleidoscope.

Either, neither (UK pronunciation). Choir. Resign, sign.

In- / en- - (increase, enquire) - mostly in-,

                 but:

Enable, enamel, encamp, enchant, encircle, enclose, encounter, encourage, encrusted, endanger, endeavour, endure, engage, enforce, engrave, engulf, enjoy, enlarge, enlist, enquire, enrage, enrol, entangle, entertain, enthusiastic, entire, entitled, environment.

     Some people make an effort to pronounce the unstressed en- prefix as en- rather than in-, but in most people’s normal speech they sound the same:

     Inevitable, infect, inferior, inflate, inform, infuriate, inhabit, inhale, inject, inoculate, inquire, insane, insist, insolent, insult, intact, intend...

J – (jam, job, jug)

     Before a, o and u the spelling is completely regular,

but unpredictable before e, i and y:

     Jelly, jest, jet, jettison, jetty, jealous, jerk, jersey; jeans, jeep, jeer, Jew, jewel.

Jiffy, jig, jigsaw, jilt, jingle. Jive.

     Gem, general, generation, generous, genie, genius, gentle, genuine, geography, geranium, germ, gesture.

Gin, ginger, gipsy/gypsy, giraffe, gym, gyp. Giant, gyroscope.

K - is used:

      1) before e and i (kept, kitten, make),

      2) after long vowels (seek, speak) and

      3) after consonants (milk, ankle, mark, risk),

except:

1) Chemical, orchestra; ache, opaque;

     architect, bronchial, orchid;

     marquee, mosquito, quay/key.

2) antique, boutique, technique, unique.

3) Circle, conker/conquer, monarch, uncle,

     disk/disc, mollusc, mosque, picturesque, grotesque.

L - (lamp) – As a first letter, l is regular, except:

       llama.

-le - (dangle, nimble) - for a final l-sound

                       after several consonants,

        except:

Kernel, kestrel, mongrel, satchel, scoundrel.

Anvil, nostril.

Council/counsel, morsel, parcel,

pencil, stencil, tonsil, utensil.

-ll- / -l- - (ballad – salad) – unpredictable.

              See Doubled Consonants and also

              au and o-e (for maul/all and stole/scroll)

The only certain ll spelling is for -ell (tell, foretell),

at the enf of short and long words,

unlike full and fill - beautiful, fulfil.

            But: farewell and welcome.

M – (mum) - with the exceptions:

         Lamb, limb, bomb, aplomb, crumb, dumb, numb, plum/plumb, plumber, thumb, succumb.

Autumn, column, dam/damn, condemn, him/hymn, solemn.

-mm- / -m- - (common – comic) – unpredictable.

                        See Doubled Consonants.

N – (nun, boffin) – with the exceptions:

Need/knead, new/knew, nit/knit, night/knight,

no/know, nob/knob, not/knot.

Knack, knave, knee, kneel, knife, knobbly, knock, knuckle.

   Gnash, gnat, gnaw, gnome. Foreign, sovereign. Pneumonia, pneumatic.

Determine, discipline, famine, feminine, genuine, heroine,

imagine, masculine, medicine.

   Gone, shone; scone (pronounced ‘scon’ and ‘scone’).

-nn- /-n- - (annual – manual) – unpredictable.

                  See Doubled Consonants.

O – (on spot) - exceptions

                        mainly just after w and qu:

Swallow, swamp, swan, swap, waft, wand, wander, want/wont, wanton, warrant, warren, warrior, was, wash, wasp, watch, watt, wattle, what.

   Quality, quadrangle, quantity, quarantine, quarry,

squabble, squad, squander, squash, squat.

Also: Cough, trough; laurel, sausage.

o - e,  -o - (note,  no)

                  In more recently imported English words

                  the long o-sound is spelt regularly, with an ‘open o’:

                           o followed by a single consonant and e (vote)

                          or a single consonant and another vowel (soda)

                                                        or simply –o in endings (solo).     

In everyday words of Anglo-Saxon origin the spelling of this sound is highly unpredictable:

       Approach, boast, boat, broach/brooch, cloak, coach, coal, coast, coat, coax, cockroach, croak, float, foal, foam, gloat, goal, goat, groan, load, loaf, loan, loathe, moan, oaf, oak, oath, oats, poach, road, roam, roast, shoal, soak, soap, stoat, throat, toad, toast.

     Knoll, poll/pole, roll/role, scroll, stroll, toll, troll, swollen, wholly.

Control, enrol, patrol.

     Bold, cold, fold, gold, hold, old, scold, sold, solder, soldier, told.

     Folk, yolk. Holster. Bolt, colt, dolt, jolt, revolt.

Both, sloth.  Only.  Gross.  Host, most, post, postal, poster.

     Mould, moult, soul/sole, shoulder, smoulder.

Goes. Mauve. Noble.

Blown, bowl, grown, growth, known, mown, own, shown, sown/sewn, thrown, rowan.

Blow, bowx2, crow, flow, glow, grow, know, low, mow, rowx2, show, slow, snow, sowx2, stow, throw, tow.

     Arrow, barrow, bellow, below, billow, burrow, elbow, fellow, follow, gallows, hollow, marrow, narrow, pillow, shadow, shallow, swallow, sorrow, sparrow, tomorrow, wallow, widow, willow, window, yellow.

     Doe, floe, foe, hoe, roe, sloe, toe, woe. 

     Oh/owe.  So/sew.  Dough, though.

Ago, also, fro, go, hello, no.

     Alone, arose, bone, bony, broke, choke, chose, chosen, close, clothes, clover, code, cone, cope, cove, dole, dome, dose, doze, drone, drove, froze, frozen, grocer, grope, hole, holy, home, hope, hose, joke, lone, mole, nose, open, over, poke, pony, pope, primrose, rode, rope, rose, scope, slope, smoke, spoke, stoke, stole, stolen, stone, strode, stroke, tadpole, throne, tone, whole, woke, wove, wrote, yodel, yoke.