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I. Match the words in column a with their equivalents in column b.

1. abstraction

a)отрицательное число

2. concept

b) сложение

3. irrational number

c) умножение

4. negative number

d) абстракция

5. notion

e) переменное

6. addition

f) количественные величины

7. multiplication

g) концепция

8. variable

h) функция

9. function

i) иррациональное число

10. quantitative values

j) понятие

II. Fill in the blanks with the proper words.

1. The basic concepts of the main branches of mathematics are … from experience.

a) abstractions                                            b) notions

c) concepts                                                  c) functions

2. Irrational numbers, ... , and so forth are not wholly abstracted from the physical experience.

a) functions                                               b) negative numbers

c) quantitative values                                d) abstractions

3. The notion of ... that represents the quantitative values of some changing  physical phenomena, such as temperature and time, is also at least one mental step beyond the mere observation of change.

a) a function                                                b) an abstraction

c) a variable                                                 d) an addition

4. The concepts of a... , or relationship between variable, is almost totally a mental creation.

a) irrational number                                    b) negative number

c) multiplication                                          d) function

5. The gradual introduction of new ... in any field enables mathematics to grow rapidly.

a) notions                                                    b) concepts

c) functions                                                 d) quantitative values

III. Choose the right answer to the question.

1. What are the basic concepts of the main branches of mathematics?

a) abstractions from experience               b) experience

c) physical abstractions                            d) quantitative values

2. What does the notion of a variable represent?

a) the quantitative values of some constant physical phenomena.

b) the quantitative values of some changing physical phenomena.

c) mathematical concepts.

d) functions.

3. Where does the gradual introduction of new mathematical concepts find its parallel in?

a) physics                                                    b) geometry

c) experience                                               d) physical practice

4. Where are the new concepts remoted from?

a) experience                                               b) human mind

c) geometry                                                 d) mathematics

5. Why are the new concepts more difficult to understand?

a) they are not defined in terms.

b) they are defined in terms of prior concepts.

c) they are defined in terms of physical concepts.

d) they involve many difficult notions.