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Review of the unit

8.11 A round-table talk.

Speak on treatment that should be given to children with physical disabilities and its effectiveness.

Grammar revision

Ex. 1

Put a/an before the following countable nouns and some before the uncountable nouns.

  1. Put me … sugar. My tea is tasteless. 2. Buy … fruit, … bread and … bottle of milk. 3. They found … information about the plant you are going to work at. 4. She bought … newspaper and left it in the bookstall. 5. The flat needs … new furniture. 6. He wants … advice about going sightseeing.

Ex. 2

Complete the sentences with a question tag.

  1. You are writing a test, … ? 2. The play wasn’t very interesting, … ? 3. Her grandmother lives near you, … ? 4. She never tells the truth, … ? 5.He has finished the project, … ? 6. The doctor operates on every week, … ? 7. You won’t tell anybody what I said, … ? 8. He can’t drive, … ?

Ex. 3

Fill in the blanks with can, could, may, must, have to, had to, will have to, to be able to.

  1. When I was a boy I … play soccer. 2. Did you … to come earlier? 3. Nobody … do it tomorrow. 4. Now I … go. I … be there at 2 p. m. 5. … I call you tonight? 6. If you come to see us tomorrow we … to show you all the sights.

Development

8.12 Use the texts from the Reader. Individuals with physical disabilities dislike the implication that they are unable to function. Give your comments. Unit 9 mental retardation

9.1 Before you start reading the text, try to guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations if necessary use the dictionary:

Ethic, sex, version, intellectual, interpret, deviation, reaction, condition, a group of professionals, standard, person, sensitive, professional literature, imbecile, idiot, intelligence tests, a mental defective, the American Journal, episode, neutral terms, terminology.

WARMING UP

9.2 Before you start reading the text explain the term “mental” in English.

READING

9.3 Read the text making use of the active terminological vocabulary.

Text l

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

When children are born, we initially identify them by their names, sex, ethnic origin, hair color, and other physical characteristics. Our common reaction to the row of newborns in the maternity ward is to exclaim how cute and lovable each of those babies is. We are happy for the parents that their babies are healthy and have a won­derful nature.

For a few babies, their futures are not so bright. They may experience physical, emotional, and learning problems as they grow. Several questions arise. What are the problems? Are they severe enough that the children should be labeled with a handicapping condition such as mental retardation? Do these children need special services to help them succeed?

In 1959, a group of professionals from the American Association on Mental Retardation produced what has become the basis for the most widely accepted definition of mental retardation. Its most recent version is as follows: mental retardation refers to significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning resulting in or associated with concurrent impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period.

Mental retardation can be distinguished from other conditions found in adulthood that are manifested by low intellectual functioning or maladaptive behavior.