3.2 Activities

Activity 1. Write questions for the given answers

Example:

two common excavation types - How many excavation types can mining techniques be divided into?

1. placer deposits and lode deposits

2. horizontal access tunnels

3. potash, potassium chloride

4. hard rock mining

5. bore hole mining

Activity 2. Match the methods of mining with their descriptions

drift mining slope mining open-pit mining strip mining shaft mining long wall mining room and pillar mining rock mining

uses diagonally sloping access shafts consists of vertical access shafts utilizes horizontal access tunnels is removing ore from rooms while leaving pillars in place to support the roof of the room is mining of hard materials consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal ore/seams underneath is grinding a long ore surface underground consists of recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground

Activity 3. Complete the table

	Surface mining	sub-surface mining
Operations
Mining targets
Applied types of mining

Activity 4. Make sentences using the following word combinations

recovery of the valuable minerals

building materials

extraction method

digging tunnels

to disaggregate

retreat mining

shallowly-buried nature

surface methods

mountaintop removal

in-situ leaching

Activity 5. Choose the suitable word in brackets

1. Processing of placer ore material consists of gravity-dependent methods of (separation/ separated), such as sluice boxes.

2. After lode ore is crushed, recovery of the (value /valuable) minerals is done by one, or a combination of several, mechanical and chemical techniques.

3. Only minor shaking or washing may be (necessarily/necessary) to disaggregate the sands or gravels before processing.

4. Landfill mining finally is sites where landfills are (excavated/ excavating) and processed.

5. Drift (mined/mining) utilizes horizontal access tunnels, slope mining uses diagonally sloping access shafts and shaft mining consists of vertical access shafts.

6. Sub-surface mining can be classified by the type of access shafts used, the (extracted/ extraction) method or the technique used to reach the mineral deposit

7. Ore, for processing, and waste rock, for disposal, are (bringing/ brought) to the surface through the tunnels and shafts.

8. The extraction of target minerals by this technique requires that they be (solution/ soluble), e.g., potash, potassium chloride, sodium chloride.

9. Mining techniques can be divided (into/for) two common excavation types: surface mining and sub-surface mining.

10. Some mining, including much of the uranium mining being done today, is done by (less-common/ less-commonly) methods, such as in-situ leaching.

4 MINING INDUSTRY: SECTORS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND SAFETY