- •Г.М.Михайлова, т.А. Колесникова
- •Профессионально-ориентированный
- •Английский язык
- •English for mining and metallurgy
- •5B073700 «Обогащение полезных ископаемых»
- •1 History of mining
- •1.1 Text 1
- •1.2 Activities Activity 1. Define whether the following statements are true or false
- •Activity 2. Complete the table using the information from the text
- •Activity 4. Match the numbers and the corresponding events
- •Activity 6. Give synonyms and antonyms to the following words
- •2 Mining process
- •2.1 Text 2
- •2.2 Activities Activity 1. Match words with the definitions
- •Activity 2. Complete the scheme by putting the steps of mine development in the right order
- •Activity 3. In pairs discuss what operations each step includes
- •3 Mining techniques
- •3.1 Text 3
- •3.2 Activities
- •4.1 Text 4
- •4.2 Activities
- •5 Mineral processing
- •5.1 Text 5
- •5.2 Activities
- •6.1 Text 6
- •6.2 Activities
- •Activity 5. Define whether the statements are true or false
- •7 Physical and mechanical properties of metals and alloys
- •7.1Text 7
- •7.2 Activities
- •8.1 Text 8
- •8.2 Activities
- •9 Casting metals
- •9.1 Text 9
- •9.2 Activities
- •10 Aluminium and its alloys
- •10.1 Text 10
- •10.2 Activities
- •11 Magnesium and its alloys
- •11.1 Text 11
- •11.2 Activities
- •12 Titanium and its alloys
- •12.1Text 12
- •12.2 Activities
- •13 Production and fabrication of titanium
- •13.1 Text 13
- •13.2 Activities
- •14 Lead
- •14.1 Text 14
- •14.2 Activities
- •15 Zinc
- •15.1 Text 15
- •15.2 Activities
- •16 Supplementary reading
- •16.1 Text “Types of molding machines”
- •16.2 Text “The cupola furnace”
- •16.3 Text “The blast furnace”
- •16.4 Text “The Bessemer converter”
- •16.5 Text “The open hearth furnace”
- •16.6 Text “Properties of metals and their consequent uses”
- •17 Glossary I
- •Metals and Metallurgy
9 Casting metals
9.1 Text 9
Cast Iron. The term cast iron is applied to ferrous alloys. Among the ferrous metals, cast iron occupies first place and is recognized as one of the cheapest materials used in the manufacture of everyday life products. Cast iron is not considered a very strong or tough structural material, but it is the most economical. Its low melting point, low shrinkage, good fluidity, and machinability are properties that recommend its use.
Pig Iron. The chief raw material for cast iron is pig iron, which is produced in a blast furnace by smelting iron ore with coke and a flux (substances promoting fusion) such as limestone. The final analysis of the pig iron is substantially determined by the kind of iron ore used in the smelting process.
Pig iron got its name from the shape of the molds in which metal from the blast furnace was cast. Originally, the pigs were cast in sand molds. Modern large-volume production of pig iron is carried out by casting blast-furnace metal by means of a large machine, which is in principle an endless conveyer chain of pig molds. Some pig irons are used in gray-iron foundries, and are called foundry pig irons. Pig iron used for making steel by the acid Bessemer process or the acid open-hearth process is known as Bessemer pig iron. Basic pig iron is used for the basic open-hearth process.
Non-Ferrous Metals. The non-ferrous metals used in the foundry are usually alloys of two or more metals. Non-ferrous castings include those composed of copper-base alloys (brass and bronze), aluminium-base alloys, zinc-base alloys, tin-base alloys, lead-base alloys, bearing metals, and some special alloys composed of magnesium or nickel and other metals.
9.2 Activities
Activity 1. Match the terms with their definitions
1 fluidity |
A- crude iron produced in a blast furnace and poured into moulds in preparation for making wrought iron, steels, alloys, etc |
2 pig iron |
B- a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement |
3 cast iron |
C- English engineer and inventor. By 1860 he had developed the Bessemer process, the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost |
4 limestone |
D- a hard, relatively brittle alloy of iron and carbon that can be readily cast in a mold and contains a higher proportion of carbon than steel (typically 2.0 - 4.3 percent) |
5 Bessemer |
E- the state of being fluid |
Activity 2. Mark the sentences “True” or “False”
1) Among the ferrous metals, pig iron occupies first place and is recognized as one of the cheapest materials used in the manufacture of everyday life products.
2) The chief raw material for cast iron is pig iron.
3) Pig iron is not considered a very strong or tough structural material, but it is the most economical.
4) The non-ferrous metals used in the foundry are usually alloys of two or more metals.
5) Pig iron used for making steel by the acid Bessemer process or the acid open-hearth process is known as Bessemer pig iron.
Activity 3. Match the beginnings of sentences to their endings
1 Pig iron got its name from the shape of the molds |
A- the kind of iron ore used in the smelting process. |
2 Among the ferrous metals, cast iron occupies first place and is recognized |
B- in which metal from the blast furnace was cast. |
3 The final analysis of the pig iron is substantially determined by |
C- are usually alloys of two or more metals. |
4 The non-ferrous metals used in the foundry |
D- and are called foundry pig irons. |
5 Some pig irons are used in gray-iron foundries, |
E- as one of the cheapest materials used in the manufacture of everyday life products. |
Activity 4. Answer the following questions
1) What is the term”cast iron” applied to?
2) What are the advantages of cast iron?
3) Why is the pig iron called so?
4) Where are pig irons used?
5) What do the non-ferrous castings include?
Activity 5. Explain the terms
ferrous alloys, a tough structural material, melting point, shrinkage, fluidity, machinability, raw material, smelting process
Activity 6. Read more about casting metals and discuss it