17. Mobile Software Development. 1186

Mobile software development is the process of transforming existing software used by computers into software which can be used in any mobile device. It also refers to the creation of new software such as mobile web and mobile applications for mobile devices.

Mobile software can be developed by using different platforms and programming languages based on the type of mobile device the software is being developed for.

Different mobile devices use different hardware components; therefore, their mobile software and mobile applications have to be developed using different software architectures.

Mobile software development is a difficult process because users of mobile applications have different preferences; therefore, mobile services providers have to develop applications based on the demand of the users.

Extensive improvements to traditional systems development methodologies should be done in order to keep up with the demand from the users of mobile systems.

Most of the systems being used are based on the model-driven softwa

- the application itself and its structure,

- the business logic

- the graphical user interface of the application.

18. Integrated Services Digital Network. 1085

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.

The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system.

ISDN allows digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data).

A major market application for ISDN in some countries is Internet access.

In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing systems.

An ISDN line can take care of most people's complete communications needs at a much higher transmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multiple analog phone line.

19 . Mobile Web. 1347

The Mobile Web refers to the use of Internet-connected applications, or browser-based access to the Internet from a mobile device - such as a smartphone or a tablet PC - connected to a wireless network.

The first access to the mobile Web was commercially offered in Finland in 1996 on the Nokia 9000 Communicator phone.

In 2008 an important milestone in the transition from fixed to mobile Web use was reached when mobile access to the Internet exceeded desktop computer-based access for the first time.

Traditionally, access to the Web has been via fixed-line services. The shift to mobile Web access has been accelerating since 2007 with the rise of multitouch smartphones. Mobile browsers gain direct access to the hardware of mobile devices (including accelerometers and GPS chips), and the performance of browser-based applications improve.

Mobile Web access today is restricted by the small physical size of mobile phones, limited resolution of screens and user input/operating limitations. On many devices a single page is broken into segments, which are each treated as a separate page. Navigation between these pages is slow. Many pages, in their conversion to mobile format, are compressed.

However, the latest smartphones such as the IPhone and those using the Android operating system overcome some of these restrictions.