Технический перевод.

Экзаменационные тексты. Специальность «Программное обеспечение сетей телекоммуникаций» ССО, 4 курс, ДФО

1. What Is a Computer? ………………………………. 1140 знаков

2. Central Processing Unit. ……………………….... 1150

3. Input-Output Environment. …………………….. . 1188

4. Printers. ………………………………………………….. 1381

5. Mainframe Computers. Part I. ……………. 1431

6. Mainframe Computers. Part II ……………. 1170

7. Digital – Analog Technologies. …………………. 1431

8. The First Programmer. ……………………. 1281

9. Machine Languages. Part 1. FORTRAN. … 1163

10. Machine Languages. Part 2. COBOL ……. 1177

11. Machine Languages. Part 3. Algol. ……….. 1251

12. Age Of Thinking Machines. ………………..1261

13. Differences Between Mainframes

and Supercomputers. ……………………… 1248

14.What Are Newsgroups? Part 1…………………. 1246

15. What Are Newsgroups? Part 2………………….. .. 1307

16. Input Devices. …………………………….. 1400

17. Mobile Software Development. …………… 1186

18. Integrated Services Digital Network. ……….. 1085

19 . Mobile Web. ………………………………... 1347

20. MODEM ………………………………………………….. 1239

21. Voice Over Internet Protocol. ……………. 1134

22. A Computer System. …………………………………. 1179

23. Cable Modem. ……………………………...1124

24. Limitations of Mobile Internet. …………….. 1243

25. Will the Computers Think instead Of Us? ........1110

26. How Does the Net Work? …………………………… 1308

27. How Does E-Mail work? ……………………………. 1488

28. Stored Program Architecture. ………………...1406

29. Electronic Computer Memory. Part I. ……... 1376

30. Electronic Computer Memory. Part II………. 1149

1. What Is a Computer? 1140

A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).

We can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.

The basic job of computers is processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and then characters, called data, perform mathematical and/or logical operations on the information.

The program, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.

Computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation, and a means of communicating with the user. We feed information in and get results back.

2. Central Processing Unit. 1155

The words ‘computer’ and ‘processor’ are used interchangeably. The internal memory, control and processing components make up the heart of the computer system. Manufactures design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions for their particular computer.

The CPU coordinates all the activities of various components of the computer. It reads information from the memory, interprets instructions, performs operations, writes the results back into the memory and moves information through the input-output ports.

In digital computers the CPU is divided into two functional units called the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU). They are made up of electronic circuits with millions of switches that can be in one of two states, either on or off.

The function of the CU is to transmit coordinating control signals and commands. It directs the sequence of step-by-step operations of the system, selects and interprets instructions and data from memory, controls the flow between the main storage and the arithmetic-logical unit.

The ALU performs the actual arithmetic operations - addition, multiplication, division and exponentiation.