Part 1. Animal Kingdom

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into English in active or passive voices:

1. Моллюски и осьминоги принадлежат отряду двустворчатые. V1=belong(reg.) –

Pr. S. → (1) □ V1/Vs ■. → Clams and octopi belong to Mollusca phylum.

2. Простейшие животные не имеют глаз, ног и головы.

V1=have(irreg.)

3. Разница между растениями и животными всё ещё изучается.

V1=study(reg.)

4. Представители животного царства были разделены на меньшие группы.

V1=divide(reg.)

5. Некоторые простые животные не передвигаются с места на место.

V1=move(reg.)

6. Пауки, креветки и крабы называются членистоногими.

V1=call(reg.)

Part 2. Animal Kingdom Millions of Years Ago

Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences using one of the following verbs in the correct form in active or passive voice:

cause, undergo, attribute, strike, take, advance, die, suit, retreat, replace, act, become

1. The dinosaurs became extinct for more than 167 million.

2. The extinction of dinosaurs is attributed to a general drop in temperature.

3. The dinosaurs mysteriously … out about 65 million years ago.

4. Perhaps, the general drop in temperature … by a catastrophic collision of the earth with an asteroid.

5. The dinosaurs’ place … by mammals.

6. Mammals, warm-blooded creatures … to living in the cooler environment.

7. Many changes … by the earth over the millennia.

8. The volcanoes … and the glaciers … and then … over this great period of time.

9. The earth … by meteorites and comets.

10. With each great change on earth took place, plants and animals not suited for survival in the altered environment … by others.

Part 3. Animals at Present Days

Exercise 3. Choose the right verbs helpers in the following sentences given below in active or passive voice:

1. Small herbs of bison … being kept today on several private and government-managed lands.

a. were b. will c. have d. are e. do

2. About 60 species of North American vertebrates … become extinct since the discovery of America.

a. were b. will c. have d. are e. do

3. The cuckoo … usually care of its hatched chicks.

a. wasn’t b. won’t c. hasn’t d. isn’t e. doesn’t

4. The herbs of antelopes … traveling long distances when they didn’t have enough food.

a. were b. will c. have d. are e. do

5. Many scientists believe that the earth … experiencing another episode of mass extinction today.

a. was b. will c. has d. is e. does

6. There is a hope that Endangered Species Act … protect the most part of plants and animals in the world in the next millennia.

a. was b. will c. has d. is e. does

7. National parks and sanctuaries … already helped some groups of endangered animals.

a. were b. will c. have d. are e. do

8. The nutrients … removed from the soil by the heavy rain yesterday.

a. were b. will c. have d. are e. do

9. The Amazon rainforest … being destroyed today rapidly.

a. was b. will c. has d. is e. does

10. American bison … be shot for sport in the future.

a. weren’t b. won’t c. haven’t d. aren’t e. don’t

Study the information below:

Types of Questions in Passive Voice:
	General (yes or no) Questions Общие вопросы	Alternative Questions Альтернативные вопросы	Special Questions Специальные вопросы	Disjunctive Questions Разделительные вопросы
Simple	Present
	Am/Is/Are □ Ved/V3 ■? Is the air in this region heated in June? – Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. Воздух в этой местности прогревается в июне? – Да./ Нет.	Am/Is/Are □ Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Is the air in this region heated in June or in July? – In June. Воздух в этой местности прогревается в июне или в июле? – В июне.	Q.w. am/is/are □ Ved/V3 ■? When is the air heated in this region? – In June. Когда прогревается воздух в этой местности? – В июне.	I am Ved/V3 ■, am not I? □ are Ved/V3 ■, aren’t you/they/we? □ is Ved/V3 ■, isn’t he/she/it? The air in this region is heated in June, isn’t it? – Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. В этой местности воздух прогреется в июне, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
Continuous	Am/Is/Are □ being Ved/V3 ■? Is the air in this region being heated these days? – Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. Воздух в этой местности прогревается в эти дни? – Да./ Нет.	Am/Is/Are □ being Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Is the air in this region being heated by the sun or by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream these days? – By the sun. Воздух в этой местности прогревается солнцем или тёплым течением Гольфстрим в эти дни? – Солнцем.	Q.w. am/is/are □ being Ved/V3 ■? Why the air is being heated in this region these days? – The sun’s rays are very intense. Почему воздух в этой местности прогревается в эти дни? – Солнечные лучи очень интенсивны.	I am being Ved/V3 ■, am not I? □ is being Ved/V3 ■, isn’t he/she/it? □ are being Ved/V3 ■, aren’t we/you/they? The air in this region is being heated these days by the sun, isn’t it? – Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. Воздух в этой местности прогревается солнцем в эти дни, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
Perfect	Have/Has □ been Ved/V3 ■? Has the air already been heated by the sun in this region? – Yes, it has./ No, it hasn’t Воздух уже прогрелся в этой местности солнцем? – Да./ Нет.	Have/Has □ been Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Has the air been heated in this region by the sun or by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream ? – By the sun. Воздух в этой местности прогрелся солнцем или тёплым течением Гольфстрим? – Солнцем.	Q.w. have/has □ been Ved/V3 ■? When has the air been heated in this region? – Recently. Когда воздух прогрелся в этой местности? – Недавно.	□ have been Ved/V3 ■, haven’t I/you/we/they? □ has been Ved/V3 ■, hasn’t he/she/it? The air has already been heated in this region, hasn’t it? – Yes, it has./ No, it hasn’t Воздух уже прогрелся в этой местности солнцем, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
	Past
Simple	Was/Were □ Ved/V3 ■? Were tomatoes sold yesterday? – Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t. Помидоры были проданы вчера? – Да./ Нет.	Was/Were □ Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Were tomatoes sold yesterday or the day before yesterday? – Yesterday. Помидоры были проданы вчера или позавчера? – Вчера.	Q.w. was/were □ Ved/V3 ■? When were the tomatoes sold? – Yesterday. Когда были проданы помидоры? – Вчера.	□ was Ved/V3 ■, wasn’t I/he/she/it? □ were Ved/V3 ■, weren’t you/we/they? Tomatoes were sold yesterday, weren’t they? – Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t. Помидоры были проданы вчера, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
Continuous	Was/Were □ being Ved/V3 ■? Were tomatoes being sold all day yesterday? – Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t. Помидоры продавали весь день вчера? – Да./ Нет.	Was/Were □ being Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Were tomatoes from the Crimea being sold in the northern or in the southern market of the city yesterday? – In both markets. Крымские помидоры продавали на северном или на южном рынке вчера? – И на том, и на другом рынках.	Q.w. was/were □ being Ved/V3 ■? Where were tomatoes from the Crimea being sold yesterday? – In the northern and in the southern markets of the city Где продавали Крымские помидоры вчера? – На северном и на южном рынках города.	□ was being Ved/V3 ■, wasn’t I/he/she/it? □ were being Ved/V3 ■, weren’t you/we/they? Tomatoes from the Crimea were being sold in the northern and in the southern markets of the city yesterday, weren’t they? – Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t. Крымские помидоры продавали вчера на северном и на южном рынках города, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
Perfect	Had □ been Ved/V3 ■? Had the fish been caught before it was allowed to catch it? – Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t. Эта рыба поймана до того, когда было разрешено её ловить? – Да./ Нет.	Had □ been Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Had the fish been caught before or after it was allowed to catch it? – After. Эта рыба поймана до того или после того, когда было разрешено её ловить? – После.	Q.w. had □ been Ved/V3 ■? When had the fish been caught? – After it was allowed to catch it. Когда рыба была поймана? – После того, когда было разрешено её ловить.	□ had been Ved/V3 ■, hadn’t I/you/we/they/he/she/it? The fish had been caught after it was allowed to catch it, hadn’t it? – Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t. Эта рыба поймана после того, когда было разрешено её ловить, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
	Future
Simple	Shall/Will □ be Ved/V3 ■? Will cotton be grown in Brazil next year? – Yes, it will./ No, it won’t. Будут ли в Бразилии выращивать хлопок в следующем году? – Да./ Нет.	Shall/Will □ be Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Will cotton be grown in Brazil or in Argentina next year? – In both countries. Хлопок будут выращивать в Бразилии или в Аргентине в следующем году? – В обеих странах.	Q.w. shall/will □ be Ved/V3 ■? Where will cotton be grown next year? – Everywhere in the world where it is warm and wet including Brazil and Argentina. Где будут выращивать хлопок в следующем году? – Везде в мире, где тепло и влажно включая Бразилию и Аргентину.	□ shall be Ved/V3 ■, shan’t I/we? □ will be Ved/V3 ■, won’t you/he/she/it/they? Cotton will be grown in Brazil next year, won’t it? – Yes, it will./ No, it won’t. Хлопок будут выращивать в Бразилии в следующем году, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.
Perfect	Shall/Will □ have been Ved/V3 ■? Will natural resources have been used in 50 years? – Yes, they will./ No, they won’t. Будут ли исчерпаны полезные ископаемые через 50 лет? – Да./ Нет.	Shall/Will □ have been Ved/V3 ■1 or ■2? Will natural resources have been used in 50 or in 70 years? – It is roughly estimated, but the fact that resources are limited is obvious. Полезные ископаемые будут исчерпаны через 50 или через 70 лет? – Подсчитано грубо, но факт, что ресурсы ограничены очевиден.	Q.w. shall/will □ have been Ved/V3 ■? When will natural resources have been used on earth? – Don’t worry you won’t have lived that long. Когда полезные ископаемые будут исчерпаны на земле? – Не беспокойся: на твою жизнь хватит.	□ shall have been Ved/V3 ■, shan’t I/we? □ will have been Ved/V3 ■, won’t you/he/she/it/they? Natural resources will have been used in 50 years, won’t they? – Yes, they will./ No, they won’t. Полезные ископаемые будут исчерпаны через 50 лет, не так ли? – Да./ Нет.

Exercise 4. Using formulae from the table above translate the following questions from Russian into English:

1. Небо изображено художником очень естественно, не так ли? V1=depict(reg.) – Pr. S. → □ is Ved/V₃ ■, isn’t he/she/it? → The sky is depicted by the artist very naturally, isn’t it?

2. Откуда привезли этот лес? – Из Бразилии

3. Где-то по близости косят траву? Я чувствую запах скошенной травы.

4. Страшный ураган был вчера. – Неужели? Много деревьев повалило ветром?

5. Чем кормили лошадей с октября по апрель? – Сеном.

6. Яблоки будут собирать в сентябре или в конце августа? – В конце августа.

7. Море прогреется к июню? – Да.

8. В воздухе чувствуется весна, не так ли? – Да. Птицы щебечут и ветер такой тёплый.

9. Помидоры уже посажены?

10. Где была сплетена паутина? – Через нижнюю половину задней двери.