- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни сумський національний аграрний університет business english
- •Unit 1 the economic environment
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Increase your vocabulary.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Translate into English. To affect smb, smth
- •To deny
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 2 measuring economic activity
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Increase your vocabulary:
- •It is likely (unlikely) that...
- •6. Give explanations in English
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 3 three economic issues Three economic issues
- •The oil price shocks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •6. Explain in English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Fill in the table with the data from the text Table 1. The distribution of world income
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 5 the role of government
- •Tabl. 2. Government Spending as a Percentage of National Income
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Draw a figure, complete it, mark all the points (from a to g) and explain it in English making use of the following phrases
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the question
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Increase your vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 10
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 11
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Shorten the following sentences without changing their meaning, like this:
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 12
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 13
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Check your prepositions. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 14
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Give explanations in English
- •6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 15
- •Injections
- •Investments.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 16
- •Imports.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 17
- •Inflation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 18
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 19
- •Vocabulary notes
- •2. Find English explanations or paraphrase
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 20
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 21 the role of banks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 22
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Increase your vocabulary
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 23
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 24
- •Interest rates and bond prices
- •Assignments
- •Unit 25
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 26
- •Assignments
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 27
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Check your grammar
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 28
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 29
- •Vocabulary note
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate Into English using all the active possible
- •Grammar
- •1. Revision of tenses
- •Going to the Pictures
- •The Little Girl and the Wolf
- •Modal verbs
- •Conditional sentences.
- •In case
- •Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
- •4. Verbals ( Infinitive. Gerund. Participle I, II.)
- •Infinitive.
- •2. Infinitive with or without 'to'.
- •3. Infinitive after question words.
- •4. Negative infinitive.
- •5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive.
- •6. Infinitive constructions
- •I want you to help me.
- •I haven’t heard anyone call me.
- •It was a brilliant day, with the sun shining exceedingly bright after the rain.
- •I found him waiting for me, with his bag in his hand.
- •Ex. 1 Gerund or Infinitive?
- •5. The sequence of tenses. Direct and indirect speech.
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Definitions
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
Vocabulary notes
an accumulated interest - накопичений відсоток
provided (syn. providing) - за умови
to go bust (syn. to go bankrupt) - збанкрутувати
a capital gain - доход від приросту капіталу (як результат росту ринкової вартості активів; може бути отриманий при продажі активів)
capital outlay - капіталовкладення
gilt-edged securities (gilts) - першокласні (особливо надійні) цінні папери ordinary shares - звичайні акції
a fixed rate of interest - фіксована процентна ставка
pay a dividend - приносити дивіденд
to cease - припиняти
a capital loss - капітальний збиток (утрати від зниження ринкової вартості активів)
a yield - доход по цінних паперах (особливо облігаціям)
a dividend yield - доход на акцію
overall return - загальний, сумарний доход
a second layer of risk - додатковий ризик
a layer - шар
Assignments
1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
the idea of earning a return on money; your $1,000 of capital earns you $100 a year; a profit or a capital gain of $200 on your capital outlay of $1,000; commodities like gold do not pay interest; securities that are traded on a stockmarket; your overall return over a year; most investors in ordinary shares are seeking capital gains at least as much as income; there is a second layer of risk; the company may not earn sufficient profits to pay a dividend; so you are taking the risk of capital gains and capital losses
2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
in case your bank does not go bankrupt; securities that are bought and sold on a stockmarket; to earn profits enough to pay a dividend.
3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
1. Fundamental to all financial markets is the idea of __.
2. Your $1,000 of __ earns you $100 a year, which is _.
3. When you want your $1,000 back you get ___.
4. Provided your bank does not __, your $1,000 of capital is __.
5. You may buy __, but if the price of gold fails to move, you've earned __ because commodities like gold __.
6. Of all __ traded on a stockmarket __ always provide an income, __ normally do, and traditional __ pay __.
7. Ordinary shares in companies normally pay __ the company __.
8. When you buy securities that are traded on __, the return is not limited to __, __ or __ you receive.
9. If the market value of your shares has risen, your __ over a year consists of __ and __.
10. Investors are generally prepared to accept __ on shares than on __ stocks because they expect the income __.
11. Most investors in ordinary shares are seeking __ at least as much as ___.
12. With the government bond the income is at least __.
13. If the company does not __, it may __ to pay ___.
4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
відсоток річних; накопичені відсотки; при умові; збанкрутувати; скорочувати купівельну спроможність грошей; ризикувати; золотий злиток; цінні папери; державні облігації; акції; фіксована процентна ставка; припинити виплату дивідендів; початковий доход по акціях; приносити доход (відсотки) (2 варіанти); доходи на капітал (доходи від приросту капіталу); втрата капіталу
5. Explain in English
a capital gain; a capital loss; a return; an overall return; a dividend yield; a fixed rate of interest.
6. Answer the questions
1. What are the ways of earning a return on money?
2. What are gilt-edged securities? Who issues them? Why are they considered to be of the highest class?
3. In what cases does the investor take the risk of capital gains? Capital losses?
4. Which way of earning a return do you consider the safest and most profitable other things being equal?
7. Translate into English using all the active possible
1. В умовах ринкової економіки всяка грошова сума здатна приносити доход.
2. Якщо ви володієте акціями якої-небудь компанії і ціни на ці акції піднялися, то ви можете одержати доход, продавши ці акції.
3. Продати чи купити акції можна на особливому ринку — фондовому.
4. Ціна акції коливається, її курс може падати і підвищуватися. Це залежить від розмірів прибутку, що одержує компанія, і, отже, від дивіденду, що виплачується по акціях, а також, від банківської процентної ставки.
5. Припустимо, ціна на акції складає $100. Якщо дивіденд по акціях дорівнює $10, а ринкова ставка відсотка дорівнює 10%, то 100-доларова акція приносить доход у 10 доларів. Сума готівкою в 100 доларів, поміщена (вкладена) у банк, теж приносить доход у 10 доларів. Отже, ціна на акції не зміниться.
6. Якщо дивіденд підвищиться до 20 доларів, а процентна ставка залишиться незмінної (10%), то доход по акціях у цих нових умовах подвоїться в порівнянні з доходом від такої ж суми, поміщеної в банк. Цілком природно, що курс акції (ціна на акції) подвоїться.
