- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни сумський національний аграрний університет business english
- •Unit 1 the economic environment
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Increase your vocabulary.
- •To deny
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 2 measuring economic activity
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Translate into English. To affect smb, smth
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Increase your vocabulary:
- •It is likely (unlikely) that...
- •6. Give explanations in English
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 3 three economic issues Three economic issues
- •The oil price shocks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •6. Explain in English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Fill in the table with the data from the text Table 1. The distribution of world income
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 5 the role of government
- •Tabl. 2. Government Spending as a Percentage of National Income
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Draw a figure, complete it, mark all the points (from a to g) and explain it in English making use of the following phrases
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the question
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Increase your vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 10
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 11
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Shorten the following sentences without changing their meaning, like this:
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 12
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 13
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Check your prepositions. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 14
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Give explanations in English
- •6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 15
- •Injections
- •Investments.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 16
- •Imports.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 17
- •Inflation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 18
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 19
- •Vocabulary notes
- •2. Find English explanations or paraphrase
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 20
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 21 the role of banks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 22
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Increase your vocabulary
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 23
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 24
- •Interest rates and bond prices
- •Assignments
- •Unit 25
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 26
- •Assignments
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 27
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Check your grammar
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 28
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 29
- •Vocabulary note
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate Into English using all the active possible
- •Grammar
- •1. Revision of tenses
- •Going to the Pictures
- •The Little Girl and the Wolf
- •Modal verbs
- •Conditional sentences.
- •In case
- •Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
- •4. Verbals ( Infinitive. Gerund. Participle I, II.)
- •Infinitive.
- •2. Infinitive with or without 'to'.
- •3. Infinitive after question words.
- •4. Negative infinitive.
- •5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive.
- •6. Infinitive constructions
- •I want you to help me.
- •I haven’t heard anyone call me.
- •It was a brilliant day, with the sun shining exceedingly bright after the rain.
- •I found him waiting for me, with his bag in his hand.
- •Ex. 1 Gerund or Infinitive?
- •5. The sequence of tenses. Direct and indirect speech.
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Definitions
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
Vocabulary notes
rare - рідкий
fines - штрафи
to measure their value accurately - точно вимірити їхню вартість (цінність)
to divide into a wide range of amounts - розділити на багато частин (маленьких чи великих)
precious metals - дорогоцінні метали
gold bullion - золотий злиток
to deposit with - зберігати, вкладати
a goldsmith - золотих справ майстер
worked with gold for jewellery - робив золоті прикраси
a guarded vault - підвал, сховище, яке охороняється
to fetch - приносити, діставати
to transfer - переводити, передавати
once these letters or cheques became acceptable as a way of paying for goods - як тільки (коли) ці листи, чи чеки, стали прийматися при оплаті товарів
their money holdings - гроші, що їм належали, якими вони володіли
a bank loan - банківська позичка, позика
a little interest - невеликий відсоток
the goldsmith was short of gold - у майстра не було достатньо золота
to reckon - думати, вважати
at any rate - у всякому разі
a transaction - угода
to owe - бути винним
assets and liabilities - активи і пасиви
the value of his loan - вартість позички, що він дав
to equal - дорівнювати, бути рівним
the firm didn't really want to carry that gold around, so it asked the goldsmith if, instead of actually taking the gold, it could be given a deposit - фірма не хотіла тримати золото при собі (носити золото із собою) і замість того, щоб насправді його забрати, попросила майстра прийняти це золото на збереження у виді внеску
(they) were worth $110 - їхня вартість складала, вони оцінювалися (мали цінність) у 110 доларів
to write (syn. to draw, to issue, to make out) a cheque - виписати чек
his assets failed –тут його активи знизилися
to fail - (про банки) збанкрутувати
initial loan - первісна позичка
reserves - резерви
the amount of gold that is immediately available in the vault - запаси (кількість) золота, що завжди знаходиться (і може бути негайно отримана) у сховище банку
depositors' demands - вимоги вкладників
leaving himself with $90 - залишивши собі тільки 90 доларів
to rely on - розраховувати, сподіватися на що-небудь
the reserve ratio - резервна норма
dare - насмілюватися
to make a profit through his interest charges - дістати прибуток за рахунок платежу відсотків
What are the risks involved? - Чим він ризикує?
to panic (panicked) - лякати, приводити в паніку
to doubt - сумніватися
he was bound to lose some of the gold - він неодмінно повинний був утратити частину золота
a run on the bank - натиск вкладників на банк
the financial panic - фінансова паніка
to fear - побоюватися, страшитися
to go bankrupt - збанкрутувати
Assignments
1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
they wanted their gold to pay for some things with; two developments turned these goldsmiths into bankers; it transferred some of the gold they had...to the seller; the goldsmith was short of gold; the risks involved; to make a profit through his interest charges; a goldsmith took too much of a risk; he was bound to lose some of the gold