
- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни сумський національний аграрний університет business english
- •Unit 1 the economic environment
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Increase your vocabulary.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Translate into English. To affect smb, smth
- •To deny
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 2 measuring economic activity
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Increase your vocabulary:
- •It is likely (unlikely) that...
- •6. Give explanations in English
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 3 three economic issues Three economic issues
- •The oil price shocks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •6. Explain in English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Fill in the table with the data from the text Table 1. The distribution of world income
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 5 the role of government
- •Tabl. 2. Government Spending as a Percentage of National Income
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Draw a figure, complete it, mark all the points (from a to g) and explain it in English making use of the following phrases
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the question
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Increase your vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 10
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 11
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Shorten the following sentences without changing their meaning, like this:
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 12
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 13
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Check your prepositions. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 14
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Give explanations in English
- •6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 15
- •Injections
- •Investments.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 16
- •Imports.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 17
- •Inflation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 18
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 19
- •Vocabulary notes
- •2. Find English explanations or paraphrase
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 20
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 21 the role of banks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 22
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Increase your vocabulary
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 23
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 24
- •Interest rates and bond prices
- •Assignments
- •Unit 25
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 26
- •Assignments
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 27
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Check your grammar
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 28
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 29
- •Vocabulary note
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate Into English using all the active possible
- •Grammar
- •1. Revision of tenses
- •Going to the Pictures
- •The Little Girl and the Wolf
- •Modal verbs
- •Conditional sentences.
- •In case
- •Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
- •4. Verbals ( Infinitive. Gerund. Participle I, II.)
- •Infinitive.
- •2. Infinitive with or without 'to'.
- •3. Infinitive after question words.
- •4. Negative infinitive.
- •5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive.
- •6. Infinitive constructions
- •I want you to help me.
- •I haven’t heard anyone call me.
- •It was a brilliant day, with the sun shining exceedingly bright after the rain.
- •I found him waiting for me, with his bag in his hand.
- •Ex. 1 Gerund or Infinitive?
- •5. The sequence of tenses. Direct and indirect speech.
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Definitions
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
Vocabulary notes
leakage - витік
which are not passed on as - які розглядаються не як...
with the likely result that - у результаті чого може; результатом чого може
savings - заощадження
a number of factors are thought to determine - вважається, що ряд факторів визначає
the return on his or her savings - віддача, відсоток, доход від... заощаджень
there is evidence that - очевидно, що
to place great store by - надавати великого значення
due to - завдяки, через
to remove from - видалити, вилучити
insufficient to cover - недостатній для покриття (витрат)
to encourage smb to do smth - спонукати когось зробити щось
in the long term (ant. in the short term) - у (віддаленому) майбутньому
domestic industry - національна промисловість
to withdraw - вилучати, виводити, видаляти
to levy - стягувати, обкладати (про податки)
direct (indirect) taxes- прямі (непрямі) податки
income tax - прибутковий податок
corporation tax (on profits) - податок із прибутку (доходів) корпорацій
VAT (value added tax) - ПДВ (податок на додану вартість)
customs duty - мито
excise duty - акцизний збір
and then fail to spend this tax revenue - а потім не можуть розпорядитися (витратити) цими податковими надходженнями
has been substantially altered - була значно змінена
and so dampens the spirit of enterprise - і в такий спосіб придушує дух підприємництва
to make up for - компенсувати, заповнювати
tax burden - тягар податків
Assignments
1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
withdrawals, which are not passed on as spending with UK firms; a number of factors are thought to determine the level of savings; job security; another factor is social change; generations placed great store by saving; will remove those funds from the domestic circular flow and will cause a decrease; direct (indirect, corporation, income) taxes; the tax revenue; taxation of this kind reduces the incentive to work and so dampens the spirit of enterprise; the tax burden
2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
with the likely result that...; decisions are taken in response to economic uncertainty; alternatively; consume durable goods; UK inhabitants; if the authorities fail to spend this tax revenue; will cause a decrease on the level of economic activity; earnings from exports have been insufficient; if imports increase due to the growth of industry; substantially; because of the belief that.
3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
1. Interest rates influence the saver's decision since they represent __ on his savings.
2. Previous generations __ saving in order to carry out major purchases.
3. Expenditures on goods and services imported from abroad __ those funds from __ and will cause __ in the level of economic activity.
4. If imports of raw materials increase due to the growth of __, then this indicates __.
5. Funds are withdrawn from the __ by the government, which __ two types of tax.
6. Indirect taxes include VAT and __ .
7. Direct taxes reduce __ to work and so dampen __ in the economy.
8. The government has transferred __ from direct to indirect taxes.
4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
Доходи від заощаджень; очевидно, що...; підштовхнути,пробуджувати; в кінці кінців; це означає ріст економіки; на тій основі, що; податок на додану вартість; акцизний збір; доповнювати
5. Find English explanations
the return on one's savings; taxes (direct, indirect, income, corporation, on wealth, VAT); excise duties; the tax revenue
6. Answer the questions
1. What are withdrawals? Name their forms.
2. When do people decide to save?
3. What is the reason for purchasing imports?
4. Why can buying imports be harmful?
5. What are direct and indirect taxes?
6. Why did the Conservative government reduce direct taxes in the 1980s and increase indirect ones?
7. Make conclusions from the Circular Flow Model.
7. Translate into English using all the active possible
1. У відповідь на збільшення урядом податків підприємці прийняли рішення підняти ціни на споживчі товари. Таке оподатковування в очевидь не сприяє розвитку торгівлі.
2. Вважається, що на рішення купувати чи не купувати імпортні товари впливає цілий ряд факторів: ціни, якість і т.д.
3. Випускаючи гарні товари, підприємці спонукають населення купувати їх, а не відкладати гроші, що може привести до падіння рівня економічної активності.
4. Багато людей, що намагались одержати великий відсоток зі своїх грошей, покладених на депозит у різні сумнівні банки, були обдурені.
5. У деяких країнах акцизний збір із продажу алкогольних напоїв є дуже дохідною статтею.
6. У Росії податок на додаткову вартість був введений у січні 1992 року.
7. Вилучення - це частина національного доходу, що не використовується населенням для покупки споживчих благ, зроблених у країні. Вилучення складаються, таким чином, із заощаджень, чистих податків і витрат на покупку імпортних товарів. Вилучення дорівнюють ін'єкціям.