- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни сумський національний аграрний університет business english
- •Unit 1 the economic environment
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Increase your vocabulary.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Translate into English. To affect smb, smth
- •To deny
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 2 measuring economic activity
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Increase your vocabulary:
- •It is likely (unlikely) that...
- •6. Give explanations in English
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 3 three economic issues Three economic issues
- •The oil price shocks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •6. Explain in English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Fill in the table with the data from the text Table 1. The distribution of world income
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 5 the role of government
- •Tabl. 2. Government Spending as a Percentage of National Income
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Draw a figure, complete it, mark all the points (from a to g) and explain it in English making use of the following phrases
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the question
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Increase your vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 10
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 11
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Shorten the following sentences without changing their meaning, like this:
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 12
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 13
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Check your prepositions. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 14
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Give explanations in English
- •6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 15
- •Injections
- •Investments.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 16
- •Imports.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 17
- •Inflation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 18
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 19
- •Vocabulary notes
- •2. Find English explanations or paraphrase
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 20
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 21 the role of banks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 22
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Increase your vocabulary
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 23
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 24
- •Interest rates and bond prices
- •Assignments
- •Unit 25
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 26
- •Assignments
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 27
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Check your grammar
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 28
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 29
- •Vocabulary note
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate Into English using all the active possible
- •Grammar
- •1. Revision of tenses
- •Going to the Pictures
- •The Little Girl and the Wolf
- •Modal verbs
- •Conditional sentences.
- •In case
- •Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
- •4. Verbals ( Infinitive. Gerund. Participle I, II.)
- •Infinitive.
- •2. Infinitive with or without 'to'.
- •3. Infinitive after question words.
- •4. Negative infinitive.
- •5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive.
- •6. Infinitive constructions
- •I want you to help me.
- •I haven’t heard anyone call me.
- •It was a brilliant day, with the sun shining exceedingly bright after the rain.
- •I found him waiting for me, with his bag in his hand.
- •Ex. 1 Gerund or Infinitive?
- •5. The sequence of tenses. Direct and indirect speech.
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Definitions
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
прийняття рішень; зміна ставки оподатковування; неоціненна допомога; доходи населення; необхідно допустити, що...; фактори виробництва; виплата відсотків; купити акції; мати право на частину (частку) доходу; акціонерний капітал; грошовий потік; рівень національного доходу; рівень економічної активності; внутрішня (властива чому-небудь) тенденція до зміни; отже; круговий потік доходів
5. Give explanations in English
to pay rent; a loan; interest payments; share capital; factor services; factor payments; factor incomes; factors of production; a neutral equilibrium in the economy
6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
Start with the two blocks. The one on the left should be labelled "households", and the one on the right "firms". On the top of the inner loop, circle, put "goods and services", with an arrow running from the firms block to the households block. At the bottom of the inner loop put "services of productive factors", with an arrow running from households to firms. On the outer loop, at the top, put "spending on goods and services", with an arrow running from households to firms. And finally, at the bottom of the outer loop, put "factor incomes", with an arrow running from firms to households.
Find in the text English equivalents for the following
Підписати помітки на картині; внутрішне коло (кільце); зовнішнє коло (кільце); стрілка направлена від... до...; уверх; вниз; зправа; зліва
Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
7. Answer the questions
1. What units does the economy comprise? What do they decide?
2. What are the two main sectors in the economy?
3. What sets of actions create the model of the circular flow of income?
4. Dwell on the monetary flow. How is the level of national income connected with it?
5. Dwell on the flow of goods and services.
6. How can the amount of economic activity be measured?
7. What's equilibrium? a neutral equilibrium?
8. Translate using all the active possible
1. Кругообіг (круговий потік) доходів — це потік товарів і послуг між домашніми, сімейними господарствами (населенням) і фірмами (підприємцями), з одного боку, і потік грошових платежів за них - з іншої сторони.
2. Якщо розглядати найпростішу модель економіки, то необхідно допустити, що населення цілком витрачає всі отримані доходи на покупку товарів і послуг, а підприємці продають усі товари, що виробляють.
3. На сплату за товари і послуги, що пропонують населенню підприємці, населення передає їм гроші, що, у свою чергу, одержує від підприємців в обмін на фактори виробництва.
4. Якщо ми допустимо, що схема описує ситуацію, при якій досягнута ефективність розподілу ресурсів, то ми одержимо модель економіки, що знаходиться в стані загальної рівноваги.
Unit 15
Injections
An injection is simply an addition to the circular flow of income, which does not arise from the spending of households. It was unrealistic to assume earlier that there would be no such additions. These additions or injections will, of course, increase the size of the circular flow and thus the level of activity in the economy. There are three recognized ways in which funds can flow into an economy. They can be generated through:
* Investment
* Government spending
* Export sales