- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни сумський національний аграрний університет business english
- •Unit 1 the economic environment
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Increase your vocabulary.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Translate into English. To affect smb, smth
- •To deny
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 2 measuring economic activity
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Increase your vocabulary:
- •It is likely (unlikely) that...
- •6. Give explanations in English
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 3 three economic issues Three economic issues
- •The oil price shocks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •6. Explain in English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Fill in the table with the data from the text Table 1. The distribution of world income
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 5 the role of government
- •Tabl. 2. Government Spending as a Percentage of National Income
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Draw a figure, complete it, mark all the points (from a to g) and explain it in English making use of the following phrases
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the question
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Increase your vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 10
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 11
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Shorten the following sentences without changing their meaning, like this:
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 12
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 13
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Check your prepositions. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 14
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Give explanations in English
- •6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 15
- •Injections
- •Investments.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 16
- •Imports.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 17
- •Inflation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 18
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 19
- •Vocabulary notes
- •2. Find English explanations or paraphrase
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 20
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 21 the role of banks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 22
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Increase your vocabulary
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 23
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 24
- •Interest rates and bond prices
- •Assignments
- •Unit 25
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 26
- •Assignments
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 27
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Check your grammar
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 28
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 29
- •Vocabulary note
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate Into English using all the active possible
- •Grammar
- •1. Revision of tenses
- •Going to the Pictures
- •The Little Girl and the Wolf
- •Modal verbs
- •Conditional sentences.
- •In case
- •Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
- •4. Verbals ( Infinitive. Gerund. Participle I, II.)
- •Infinitive.
- •2. Infinitive with or without 'to'.
- •3. Infinitive after question words.
- •4. Negative infinitive.
- •5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive.
- •6. Infinitive constructions
- •I want you to help me.
- •I haven’t heard anyone call me.
- •It was a brilliant day, with the sun shining exceedingly bright after the rain.
- •I found him waiting for me, with his bag in his hand.
- •Ex. 1 Gerund or Infinitive?
- •5. The sequence of tenses. Direct and indirect speech.
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Definitions
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
Vocabulary notes
to own and run (syn. to manage, to operate) businesses - володіти і керувати бізнесом
to intervene - втручатися
private enterprise (syn. entrepreneurship) - приватне підприємництво
private ownership (syn. property) of the means of production - приватна власність на засоби виробництва
public property, common ownership - суспільна власність
personal property - особиста власність
state-owned property, state ownership - державна власність
private supplies of capital - приватний капітал
surplus income available for investment in new business activities - додатковий доход (надлишок доходу), який можна вкласти (інвестувати) у нову справу (бізнес)
to employ - використовувати; надавати роботу, наймати
employer - роботодавець
employee - службовець
employment - зайнятість
unemployment - безробіття
to persuade - переконувати
at first view (syn. at first sight) - на перший погляд
to adjust automatically - автоматично пристосовуватися; приводитися у відповідність
competitive - конкурентноздатний
to make the largest profits possible - одержати найбільший можливий прибуток
to pursue one's own interests - дбати лише про свої інтереси
to make money out of it - заробити на цьому гроші
to move the production possibility frontier outwards - просунути вперед межи виробничих можливостей
to make the society better-off - зробити суспільство більш заможним
to create new jobs and opportunities - створити нові робочі місця, нові можливості
to underpurchase (ant. to overpurchase) - недостатньо розкуповувати
to provide free or subsidized supplies - забезпечити безкоштовне чи субсидоване надання (товарів, послуг)
in response to (syn. in answer to) - у відповідь на
a cornerstone - наріжний камінь
to alter swiftly - швидко мінятися
consequences - наслідки
labour-intensive production - трудомістке виробництво
working conditions - умови праці
safety standards - норми техніки безпеки
large-scale intervention - широкомасштабне втручання
to pass laws - приймати закони
to gain sufficient sales - домогтися достатнього обсягу продажу
rival firms - фірми-конкуренти, суперники
to have confidence - мати впевненість
to lack confidence - не вистачати впевненості
Assignments
1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
new advanced products; products which are favoured; they try to make the largest profits possible; provide free or subsidized supplies; produce goods and then advertise heavily; a firm which switches from labour-intensive production to a new one; a decline in the prosperity of the nation
2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
businesses owned and run by the state; products and services, which are favoured; at first view; production alters swiftly
3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
1. Small Southeast Asian states like Hong Kong and Singapore contain some businesses __ by the state.
2. The system is based on __ with __ of __.
3. Private supplies of capital can be defined as __ available for __ in __.
4. Consumers are willing to spend more on products and services, which __.
5. More profits will __ more firms to produce those particular goods that are favoured.
6. In a market economy it is __ who decide what is to be produced.
7. __ firms see the opportunity of __ and produce the new fashionable and favoured products.
8. The economy __ automatically to meet changing demands.
9. Finns tend to be highly __in such an environment.
10. In a free market individual people are free __.
11. But when you have that car produced, you are moving __.
12. You actually make __ by __, even though you become a millionaire in the process, and you do it without __ or __.
13. Some goods would be __ if the government did not provide __ supplies.
14. Some other goods and services, such as defence and policing, are impossible to __ in response to consumer spending.
15. __ of the market system is that production __ to meet changing demands.
16. If a firm switches from __ to one where new technology __ in the factory, it can lead to __ and __ problems.
17. It is necessary to have __ to pass laws __ consumers and workers.
18. Finns have __ in future sales if they are to produce new goods and services.
19. A recession means __ spending, __ jobs and __ of the nation