Section 4. Present Perfect Simple

Exercise 1. Read aloud and translate into Russian paying special attention to the adverbial modifiers of time.

1. She is so happy today. She has never been so happy. 2. He is not serious, and never has been. 3. I have never needed too many friends. 4. I have never heard this name before. 5. I know her views on the subject. She has just told them to me. 6. She walked in saying "Jim has just arrived to see us off. He is standing on the dock". 7. I have just had a terrible fright. 8. She has just gone out. 9. Nobody has ever had such good luck. 10. I love her more than I have ever told you. 11. She has not come down yet. 12. I don't think he has yet arrived. 13. What his real name is no one has discovered as yet. 14. I have not seen him since eleven this morning. 15. My dear, the world has changed since my young days. 16. I have known him since he was born. 17. Where have you been since last Thursday? 18. How quiet you have been all this time! 19. I love this country - this is my home, I've lived here for forty years. 20. Where has she been all these years? 21. I have been out of town for so long! 22. You have always been far too clever. 23. You know, I have always loved him. 24. I suppose you have read the paper this morning? 25. I have had four wonderful adventures this morning. 26. I have never been quite happy with you. 27. My dear, I am so pleased you have come at last! 28. Go! Go at once! You have done your worst now! 29. I have often remembered your words this year.

Exercise 2. Give short answers to the following questions.

Pattern: Have you read the paper today?

Yes, I have. (No, I haven't.)

1. Has the alarm-clock rung? 2. Have you turned off the tap? 3. Has she switched off the light? 4. Has he put on his mackintosh? 5. Have you taken your umbrella? 6. Have the rivers frozen? 7. Has the thaw begun? 8. Has the rain stopped? 9. Have you ever been to Moscow? 10. Has she ever called you up? 11. Have they never met? 12. Has he never called on you? 13. Have they just arrived? 14. Have you just returned? 15. Have you seen her since the summer? 16. Have they lived in Moscow since 1960? 17. Have you always lived here? 18. Has she always been weak? 19. Have you known them long? 20. Has she worked here long? 21. Have you seen her today? 22. Have they come this morning? 23. Has he left tonight?

Exercise 3. Give short answers to the following questions.

A. Pattern: The rain has stopped, hasn't it?

Yes, it has.

No, it hasn't.

1. The snow has stopped, hasn't it? 2. The rain has begun, hasn't it? 3. You have switched off the light, haven't you? 4. She has called this morning, hasn't she? 5. You have seen her today, haven't you? 6. She has always lived in Petersburg, hasn't she?

B. Pattern: The rain hasn't stopped yet, has it?

Yes, it has.

No, it hasn't.

1. She has not turned off the tap, has she? 2. I haven't fallen asleep, have I? 3. You haven't seen him yet, have you? 4. She hasn't returned yet, has she? 5. We haven't met since the spring, have we? 6. You haven't seen her since the summer, have you?

Exercise 4. Add question-tags to the following statements and then let your fellow students answer these questions.

Pattern: 1. You have often seen him of late.

You have often seen him of late, haven't you?

Yes, I have. (No, I haven't.)

2. She hasn't seen him of late.

She hasn't seen him of late, has she?

No, she hasn't. (Yes, she has.)

1. You have always been strong. 2. She has never lived in Moscow. 3. The alarm-clock has already rung. 4. You haven't been to the pictures tonight. 5. She has never been strong. 6. You have already finished school. 7. He has just come. 8. It hasn't rained this morning. 9. They have often met this year. 10. She hasn't called me up today. 11. They have just returned. 12. You haven't read the paper this morning.

Exercise 5. Give short answers to the following questions beginning them with so.

Pattern: He has finished his work, and what about you?

(and you?)

So have I.

1. You have read the paper this morning, and what about mother? 2. You have washed your hands, and what about Tom? 3. Nelly has got up already, and Nick? 4. Nina has made her bed, and you? 5. Father has gone for a walk, and what about the children? 6. I have seen this film, and you?

Exercise 6. Add question-tags to the following statements and then let your fellow students answer them.

Pattern: Mary has seen him today.

Mary has seen him today, and what about you?

(and you?)

So have I.

1. Father has already gone off. 2. Nelly has collected her books. 3. Nick has already cleaned his teeth. 4. I have already taken the medicine. 5. We have just returned from the park. 6. The children have been to the pictures today. 7. My sister has always admired this actor. 8. I have seen three films this week.

Exercise 7. Give short answers to the following questions beginning them with neither.

Pattern: She hasn't finished her book, and what about you?

(and you?)

Neither have I.

1. He hasn't yet come home, and what about his father? 2. I haven't seen him this week, and you? 3. I haven't read this book, and Mary? 4. She hasn't called on them these days, and what about her husband? 5. I haven't read today's paper yet, and you? 6. She hasn't been away for a week, and her husband?

Exercise 8. Add question-tags to the following statements according to the pattern and let your fellow students answer these questions.

Pattern: I haven't been there since the winter

I haven't been there since the winter, and what about you?

(and you?)

Neither have I.

1. I haven't seen them since the summer. 2. You haven't told anybody about it. 3. She has not yet come. 4. I ha-ven't seen him for ages. 5. I haven't chosen my topic. 6. I have never dreamed about it. 7. I have never seen her of late. 8. She hasn't called on you this month. 9. I haven't been there since last year. 10. I haven't seen her these days.

Exercise 9. Answer the following questions.

A. 1. Who has just called? 2. Who has given you the book? 3. Who has left behind this umbrella? 4. Who has helped you to manage this work? 5. Who has paid for the dinner? 6. Who has offered him this work? 7. Who has been in my study? 8. Who has upset the glass? 9. Who has spilled the milk? 10. Who has written the composition? 11. Who has switched off thelight? 12. Who has taken my towel? 13. Who has read this book? 14. Who has answered all the questions?

B. 1. What books have you read this month? 2. What films has she seen this week? 3. How many pages have you read already? 4. How many films have they seen of late? 5. How many trees have they planted? 6. How many letters have you written tonight? 7. How many English books has she read this year? 8. Where has he lived all this year? 9. Where have you been since last year? 10. Where has she worked this month? 11. Where have you been so long? 12. Where have you been all day long? 13. How long have you known her? 14. How long has she been here? 15. How long haven't you been in your native town? 16. How long have you tried to get in touch with her?

C. 1. Why have you chosen this topic? 2. Why haven't you read this book? 3. Why has she changed so much of late? 4. Why hasn't she prepared tea? 5. Why haven't you cut the cake? 6. Why hasn't she laid the table? 7. Why haven't you asked her to tea? 8. Why haven't they taken him to the pictures? 9. Why have they quarrelled? 10. Why hasn't she come? 11. Why have you come so late? 12. Why have you asked them to dinner?

Exercise 10. Put questions to all parts of the sentence.

1. He has told us of his good fortune. 2. I have found my son now. 3. I have put his things in the room next to yours. 4. The cat has been asleep most of the day. 5. She has lived in Petersburg for five years. 6. Her husband has never seen this awful letter. 7. I have written a line to your mother to tell her your good news. 8. I have finished my writing for today. 9. The trees have thrown off their yellow leaves.

Exercise 11. Think of questions for which the following might be answers.

1. Mary has cooked a wonderfur cake. 2. He has gone home. 3. She hasn't seen him since the summer. 4. He has given her a beautiful rose. 5. The alarm-clock has just rung. 6. She has put her umbrella into the corner. 7. It has begun thawing today. 8. The boy has broken the icicle. 9. She has changed her name. 10. Mary has brought him home. 11. She has brought home a white kitten. 12. She has always tried to stop him.

Exercise 12. Reply to the following commands saying that you have already done what is required.

Pattern: Switch off the light!

I've already switched it off

1. Get out of bed! 2. Put on your shoes! 3. Wash your face! 4. Turn on the cold water tap! 5. Take a shower! 6. Get dressed quickly! 7. Turn off the hot water tap! 8. Take off your coat! 9.Do your morning exercises! 10. Air your room! 11. Make your bed! 12. Put on your slippers! 13. Do your lessons! 14. Switch on the TV! 15. Put your room in order!

Exercise 13. Supply subordinate clauses with the veibs in the Present Perfect Simple.

1. I don't know why (she - not to come). 2. She asks why (you - not to lay the table). 3. I'd like to know why (he - not to answer my letter). 4. Tell me why (you - to quarrel). 5. She doesn't say why (she - to refuse to take this work). 6. I can't guess why (they - to part). 7. She wants to know where (they - to go to). 8.1 wonder where (they - to live all that time). 9. He can't say where (the dog - to appear from). 10. I just ask where (you - to be since last Saturday). 11. Please, tell me how long (you - to live in this town). 12. I wonder how long (she - to work at our Institute). 13. I wonder what (she - to learn about it). 14. He asks what (you - to cook for supper). 15. I'd like to know what (to happen to the cake). 16. She doesn't say what (she - to do to him).

Exercise 14. Choose suitable remarks for each of the statements on the left side of the page.

1 . It is dark.	The alarm-clock has rung.
2. It's time to get up.	Well, he has put on his slippers.
3. It is cold.	It has frozen.
4. The day is dull.	She has not slept tonight.
5. The streets are quite white.	Of course you aren't, you have taken a shower.
6. The streets are muddy.	A thick fog has spread over the city.
7. She feels so tired.	A heavy snow has fallen.
8. Oh, the water is so hot!	It has rained since the very morning.
9. I don't hear his steps.	Winter has come.
10. I am not. tired any more.	Sure it is. I've turned on the hot water tap.
11 . Look! The ground is like iron!	The thaw has begun.
12. I don't see my cup.	I've taken it to the kitchen.

Exercise 15. Combine the following words and word-groups into sentences paying special attention to the position of adverbs.

1. Everything, she, has, discovered. 2. She, my heart, in two, has cut. 3. Yet, has, she, not left, her room. 4. Once, only, has, there, been, he. 5. Just, me, he, told, about his friend, has. 6. Up to town, gone, your outfit, she, to buy, has. 7. Never, this wretched thing, has, he, seen. 8. About this, from town, come, I, have, you, to tell. 9. Often, spoken, has, to us, he, on the subject. 10. Returned, have, sooner, I, expected, than, I. 11. Never, loved, in the world, have, but you, I, any one. 12. To follow his advice, at last, have, you, made up your mind. 13. Has, since those days, she, improved, greatly. 14. Some folly, has, never in her life, she, done? 15. Have, all this time, my book, had, you! 16. Here, to tell me, have, about your party, come, you?

Exercise 16. Translate into English using the Present Perfect Simple.

1. Что случилось? 2. Куда он ушел? 3. Я уже прочитала эту книгу. 4. Начался дождь. 5. Я его еще не видела. 6. Мать уже испекла булочки. 7. Ты когда-нибудь каталась на коньках по замерзшей реке? 8. Сегодня я не была в библиотеке. 9. Реки и пруды уже замерзли. 10. В этом году я часто видела их в кино. 11. Я не встречала его с весны. 12. Сколько лет ты живешь на этой улице? 13. Она давно работает в институте? 14. Я проработала здесь уже пять лет. 15. Будильник уже прозвенел. 16. Дети уже приняли душ. 17. Ты еще не погасил свет? 18. Ты взяла с собой зонтик? 19. Зима уже наступила. 20. Мэри надела плащ?

Exercise 17. Answer the following questions using the phrases in the margin and putting their verbs in the Present Perfect Simple.

Pattern: Where is Mary? | to go home

She has gone home.

1. Where is your son?	to go to school
2. Where are your friends?	to leave for the mountains
3. Where is your pen?	to leave it behind
4. Where is the chalk?	to put it on the table
5. Where is your pencil?	to break it
6. Where are your books?	to put them into my bag
7. Where is your rubber?	to lose it
8. Why aren't you writing?	to lose my pen
9. Why aren't you reading?	to leave my book behind
10. Why aren't you singing?	to catch cold
11 . Why don't you hand in your exercise?	not to write it
12. Why don't you clean the blackboard?	not to wet the duster