Management

Management is the group of people in a business who have overall responsibility for operating the business and for achieving the company’s goals. Business enterprises have many goals. These goals include providing quality goods and services at low cost, creating new and improved products, increasing the number of jobs available, improving the environment, and accomplishing many other social tasks. To achieve these goals, of course, the company must be successful. Success and survival in a tough, competitive business environment require that management concentrate much of its effort on two important goals: profitability and liquidity. Profitability is the ability to make enough profit to attract and hold investment capital. Liquidity means having enough funds on hand to pay debts when they fall due.

Managers must constantly decide what to do, how to do it, and whether the results match the original plans. Successful managers consistently make the rigid decisions on the basis of timely and valid information. Many of these decisions are based on the4 flow accounting data and their analysis. For this reason, management is one of the most important users of accounting information, and major function of accounting is to provide management with relevant and useful information. For example, some typical questions that a manager might ask include: What was the company’s net income during the past quarter? Is the rate of return to the owners adequate? Does the company have enough cash? What products are most profitable? What is the cost of manufacturing ach product?

III

All specialists on automobile industry dealing with manufacturing automobiles (cars or trucks) must know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:

1. designing;

2. working out the technology of manufacturing process;

3. laboratory tests;

4. road tests;

5. mass manufacturing (production).

It is important to know all these facts, as before the automobile is put into mass production it should be properly designed and the car must meet up-to-date requirements. The qualities required of the automobile are high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of handling and maintenance, pleasant appearance. Also the automobile must be comfortable and ecological. In order to obtain these qualities the specialists should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer sciences because computers offer quick and optimal solutions of the problems. Besides they are used for better operation of mechanisms in cars.

Before the car is put into mass production the units of the car are subjected to tests in the works laboratory and then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. These tests are needed because the modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable braking and steering systems, dependable ignition system, low fuel consumption and be stable on the road.

IV

The Engineering Profession

The engineer typifies the twenty-first century. He is making the vast contribution in design, engineering and promotion. In the organization and direction of large scale enterprises we need his analytical frame of mind. We need his imagination.

He may be designing the product itself; inventing new products; testing the product, its components, and the materials in it, its components, and the materials in it; analyzing its performance and making a material analysis.

He may be engaged in the development of the new product, making drawings and specifications.

He may be concerning himself with the development of a new production process, or the adaptation of a current process to a new product.

He may be utilizing his engineering know-how in the determining the best processes and equipment for the mass production of high-quality products.

He may be the project engineer in charge of the design and installation of a highly automatic conveyer system for handling different kinds of parts between various assembly stations.

He may be working on designing and developing tools, dies, jigs, assembly fixtures, welding fixtures for the production of an automobile body.

In the 21st century the engineer has at his command many new sources of power. He works much to develop better materials especially new alloys for special purposes. He wants to make machinery automatic.

V

In our country housing construction is being carried out on a large scale. The work of a builder is no longer backbreaking and complicated. Builders, as we know, assemble a house from prefabricated units which are delivered to a construction site. A welder them welds the units to hold them in place. A great variety of materials are nowadays used by builders. Students of building institutes study the existing materials. When they become full-fledged builders they develop new building materials and building methods.

The building profession attracts many numbers of young men and women nowadays.

Builders construct and reconstruct residential and industrial buildings, bridges, schools, palaces of culture, museums, theatres, kindergartens and hospitals. They build tunnels, canals, power stations, dams and reservoirs. They also construct aqueducts to store and transport water for populated areas and to irrigate desert lands. Very many irrigation systems have been built and are being built and modernized. Hundreds of dams, reservoirs, locks, pumping stations have been erected on the rivers of our country by our hydrotechnicans.

Civil engineers and architects have a common aim – to provide people with all modern conveniences, such as running water, gas, electricity, central heating. While a sanitary engineer protects the quality of water by treating and purifying this water when it is used for domestic purposes, an architect is a person who design buildings. An architect must receive great deal of scientific training connected with his profession. He must know mathematics, as well as many facts concerning materials – for example what loads different materials may safely carry – so that there will be no danger of his building falling down. Architects must need some knowledge of sculpture, painting, design, mechanical engineering, geography, city planning, etc. The structure an architect creates should give us pleasure, a sense beauty.

The person entering this honourable profession must have a scientific attitude, imagination, imitative and good judgment, obtained by experience and serious work.

If you want to contribute to the beauty of a town or city, if you want to leave a memory of yourself in the history of that town or city, come to a construction site and learn the trade of a builder. And be sure to enter Civil Engineering Institute.