Практика

 Данный лингафонный курс — отличная программа для углубления знаний английского языка. Однако нет необходимости ждать, пока Вы «выстрадаете» Ваш английский. Если Вы действительно хотите достичь хороших результатов, используйте любой удобный случай для обучения и практики. Слушайте радио, читайте газеты и литературу, смотрите оригинальные фильмы и программы на английском языке, участвуйте во встречах и беседах с носителями английского языка или с людьми, хорошо им владеющими.

LESSON 1

1.1. Грамматическое время Present Continuous / Present Simple

a) Present Continuous The sun is shining. (While I am speaking.) I am studying English at the moment. (An action in progress now.) I'm meeting Janet later this evening. (A planned future action.)

b) Present Simple She cleans the house daily. (Need not be happening now.) We usually go once a fortnight. (A repeated action.) Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade. (A permanent truth.) The news bulletin begins at 9 p.m. (Future event on a timetable.)

с) исключения Do you want to come? I forget the name. Verbs of the feelings, the senses, the mind usually occur in the Present Simple, not Continuous. Study these: like, love, hate, detest; want, wish; see, hear, feel, smell; recognise, notice, realise; know, understand, think, believe, forget, remember, suppose, mean, seem, intend.

1.2. Неопределенный артикль a и местоимения some / any

Sam is a dog. Felix likes dogs. He will have an operation. He may need two operations. 'A' is used with countable nouns — nouns having a plural.

We need some water. I wanted some information. 'Some' may be used with uncountable nouns.

Note also: We need a glass of water. I asked for a piece of information. I have some work to do. Work, news, information, advice, furniture, weather, luggage, hair: these words are usually singular and uncountable (without 'a' and no plural 's').

We need some water. We need some bottles. 'Some' can mean 'a quantity of' or 'a number of'.

We've got some bottles. ('some' in the affirmative) We haven't got any beer. ('any' in the negative) Are you taking any food? Would you like some beer? Both 'any' and 'some' are used in the interrogative.

1.3. Конструкция there is / there are и местоимение it в начале предложения

a) конструкция there is / there are There is a bend in the road. (We don't know which bend.) The bend is near the bridge. (We now know which bend is meant.) There are some elm trees by the river. (Trees not mentioned before.) The elm trees are very tall. (The trees already referred to.) 'There is / there are' introduces new things, usually with 'a' or 'some'.

b) местоимение it I think it will be nice to come with you. It's true we haven't seen the sun lately. ('we ... lately': all this is 'true'.) We begin with 'it' instead of a long, complicated subject.

Other examples: It's a pity / a shame (that) ... It is easy / difficult to ... It is possible / probable / certain / obvious that ... It is 6 o'clock. It'll rain again soon. It's hot. It is five miles from here to the river. We often use 'it is' when we talk about time, weather or distance.