Semester 5

Для успешного выполнения контрольной работы N5 необходимо изучить следующий грамматический материал:

Sequence of Tenses

Direct and Indirect /Reported/ Speech

Subjunctive Mood

Imperative Mood

Neither, either, both

Test 5 (Variant a)

1. Read the text:

TYPES OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS IN BELARUS

There are many types of legal professions in the Republic of Belarus. Lawyers in this country may hold offices both in the judicial system and outside it, that is in other fields of public life. They may work as judges in courts of law, advocates, or counsels for the defence, public prosecutors, or counsels for the prosecution, procurators, investigators, notaries, chamber counsels and legal advisers. To become a lawyer and to occupy one of the above numbered positions in the Republic of Belarus one must get special legal university training.

A judge is a public official with authority to hear and decide cases in a law court. All judges in the RB are appointed by President on the recommendation of the Ministry of Justice and the Chairman of the Supreme Court. A judge’s first term of office in inferior courts (lowest courts, courts of the first tier ) is five years. All other judges are appointed for life.

A public prosecutor (a Counsel for the Prosecution in Great Britain, a prosecuting attorney in the USA) is a legal official who officially says that someone is guilty of a crime and must be judged by court of law. He represents someone in court when they are bringing a case against someone else. He prosecutes criminal cases on behalf of the State or the public.

An advocate (a Counsel for the Defence in Great Britain, a defence attorney in the USA) is a lawyer who speaks in court of law and supports the defence. He is an expert in the interpretation of the law and on advocacy.

A procurator decides whether someone should be sent to court for trial. He is a legal officer with authority to act in all cases in which the State is a party. In some cases he may act as a public prosecutor.

An investigator is an official who investigates into a crime, examines all evidence and makes a careful study of the crime.

A notary is a lawyer who has the legal power to make a signed statement or document, or its copy official.

Chamber counsels and legal advisers are lawyers who do legal work, carry out legal arguments outside court and may represent their firms, enterprises or institutions in all kinds of disputes between legal entities and individuals in court.

2. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is the educational qualification of a lawyer in RB? 2. When is a judge appointed for a five years term? 3. What legal officers may be found in a court of law during a trial? 4. What offices can a lawyer occupy outside the judicial system? 5. When do people need the services of a notary?

3. Report the sentences:

1. “With his backgrounds he will never be elected,” said Frank with a note of sarcasm in his voice. 2. Keith exclaimed, ”You can’t blame me! You both know quite well that I remitted this money yesterday.” 3. The supercargo picked up the receiver and ordered, ”Stop loading the ship right now!” 4. Mr. Donovan said, ”A falling stock market affects even trustee securities.” 5. “I am a shorthand typist,” she said. “I am working now as secretary for Mr. Pack.” 6. The head of the board said, ”I was informed yesterday that the bank auditors will come to check our files on Thursday next week. So, gentlemen, prepare all our books for inspection, please.”

4. Report the questions:

1. “Have you witnessed the accident?” the policeman asked a passer-by. 2. “What do you think about the report? Do you think the situation is really so serious?” Nel asked her brother. 3. After a pause he asked, ”Is she really going to submit this evidence to the court?” 4. “When will the payment clause of the contract be ready?” the head asked the junior partner. 5. “We can get there either by bus or by tube, can’t we? the tourist asked. 6. “What the hell is going on here?” Mr. Brave asked his neighbour in a whisper.

5. Change the questions into indirect ones using the following beginnings: I want to know ..., I’d like to know ..., I’m interested ..., I wonder ..., etc.:

1. What time is it? 2. Did you see him yesterday? 3. When is he going to honour us with his presence? 4. What were you doing when I telephoned you yesterday? 5. Have you already sent the invitations to all people in the list?

6. Put questions to the following sentences:

1. This little tropical country provides almost half of the world’s supply of raw latex. ( What? How much? )

2. The draft of the contract has been worked on for three days, but a compromise is not found. ( How long? )

3. A group of two men and a woman was arrested yesterday in Western Germany on suspicion of trafficking weapons for terrorist groups. ( When? What...on? Where? )

4. The top experts of the UNO prophesy the further economic problems for Russia and other CIS countries. (Alternative, Disjunctive)

7. Use both, either, neither:

1. ... tourist agencies offer their clients very attractive services and seasonal reductions. 2. He can speak ... French ... German, that’s why he can’t be our representative in Europe. 3. After such a long walk they were ... tired and hungry. 4. Did you remit money by mail or by telex? ... . I sent it by SWIFT. 5. ... of them have suitable experience for such an important job: ... will cope with the task successfully. 6. There are two ways to get there: ... by sea ... by plane.

8. Translate into English:

1. Если я получу эти бумаги, Вы будете извещены немедленно. 2. Мой шеф разорвал бы меня на части, если бы я не сдал отчет вовремя. 3. Хотел бы я сейчас валяться на солнышке где-нибудь на Ривьере. 4. Если бы я был свидетелем этой аварии, я бы сообщил об этом полиции. 5. Я бы хотел иметь меньше работы по пятницам. 6. Если бы знали местонахождение подозреваемого, мы бы задержали его.