Test 4 (Variant d)

1. Read the text:

JUDICIARY OF GREAT BRITAIN

The highest court of the UK is the House of Lords, which exercises the judicial function of Parliament. Appeals are referred to an Appellate Committee of the House. An appeal must be heard by at least three of the Lords: the Lord Chancellor, the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and such peers as hold or have held high judicial office. The House has appellate jurisdiction only in civil and criminal cases from the Courts of Appeal in England and Northern Ireland and in civil cases only from the Court of Session in Scotland.

The Court of Appeal sits in both civil and criminal divisions. The Civil division hears appeals from the High Court, county courts, certain special courts and tribunals. The Criminal division hears appeals by persons convicted on indictment in the Crown Courts.

* The High Court in its civil jurisdiction is divided into three Divisions: (Queen’s Bench, Chancery, and Family) to each of which certain kinds of cases are assigned. Divisional courts of each of the divisions, consisting of two or more judges, have limited appellate jurisdiction in certain cases. The criminal jurisdiction of the High Court is exercised exclusively by the Queen’s Bench Division. A divisional court of two or three judges of that Division deals with appeals from a Crown Court and magistrates’ courts, and also exercises the supervisory jurisdiction of the court.

The Crown Court exercises criminal jurisdiction and sittings are held regularly at major towns throughout England and Wales. It comprises judges of the Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court, Circuit judges and Recorders (part-time judges). They sit singly with juries trying persons charged on indictment with crimes. A judge of the Crown Court sits with two to four justices of the peace to hear appeals from magistrates’ courts.

The Central Criminal Court, known as the Old Bailey, is a sitting of the Crown Court, having criminal jurisdiction only over offences committed in Greater London or on the high seas.

County courts have exclusively civil jurisdiction, which is limited in extent and in area. The judges are persons who also hold office as Circuit Judges of the Crown Court.

* Magistrates’ courts consist of a magistrate or of from two to seven justices of the peace. These courts have civil jurisdiction in relation to certain debts, licences, and domestic proceedings. In the exercise of criminal jurisdiction one or more justices may sit as examining magistrates to conduct a preliminary investigation into an indictable offence.

2. Translate the marked paragraphs (*) into Russian.

3. Answer the following questions to the text:

1. Who hears appeals in the House of Lords? 2. What administrative function does the High Court exercise? 3. What courts use juries for judging cases? 4. What is the range of cases magistrates’ courts deal with?

4. Use the verbs in brackets in their corresponding passive tense forms:

1. Mr Sage (to inform) about the meeting as soon as he contacts me. 2. Last week the press (to invite) for a briefing immediately after the talks (to complete). 3. Will you come to my assistant’s office, please, my office (to refurnish) now. 4. The flight (to delay) so we may have coffee. 5. The documents (to prepare) by 11 a.m. tomorrow.

5. Change the active constructions into the passive ones:

1. I have already sent for the doctor. 2. Dangerous driving causes many accidents. 3. Mr Brandon gave me two hours to make a decision. 4. Some engineers are testing our new device now. 5. They will have completed the tests by the end of the day.

6. Put questions to the underlined words and word combinations. Use the prompts in brackets:

1. This initiative will be supported by many politicians. (Disjunctive)

2. The lawyer has already been sent for. (General)

3. Your room is being cleaned now by the room service. (Alternative)

7. Underline and identify (in brackets) the non-finite forms of the verb:

1. Having been kept in the waiting room for an hour we were at last shown into the office. 2. After having made the decision he felt uneasy. 3. I’m glad to have helped you in that very complicated case. 4. When asked about his police service he usually gets furious. 5. While thinking the case over Mr Holmes used to play the violin.

8. Write the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are used in their modal meaning and translate them into Russian:

1. You don’t have to make the list of absentees every day. 2. I was to have written this article by Monday, but I fell ill. 3. He had many responsibilities when he worked for the bank. 4. These offices are being redecorated at the moment. 5. I think you will have to take a taxi to get there. 6. Did you have to fix all papers on Mr Glen’s mortgage? 7. This document is to be issued in duplicate. 8. Mr Corg has invited you for lunch in his office.

9. Insert prepositions:

1. Have you ever been ... the USA? 2. You might have insisted ... this clause to be included ... the agreement. 3. The result of the talks will depend ... the common sense of the parties. 4. He is suspected ... selling classified information. 5. Your mistake is that you pay too little attention ... small details. 6. I’m afraid we’ll have to borrow money ... the bank, though I hate it. 7. When are you leaving ... Minsk? 8. If I’m not mistaken his son was charged ... hold-up and sentenced ... two years’ imprisonment. 9. He is a trigger-tempered person, so he spends a good deal of his incomes ... lawyers. 10. ... the Constitution the state provides its citizens ... free medical service.