1. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. Типы стресса классифицируются в соответствии с направлением силы по отношению к оборудованию. 2. Штамм обычно экспресс в качестве безразмерного отношения, таких как удлинение в процентах от первоначальной длины. 3. Механические свойства актуальны для обработки (например, транспортировки, измельчения) и потребления (текстуры, ощущение во рту). 4. Деформация является постоянной, то есть организм не возвращается к исходному размеру и форме, когда снимается напряжение.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the mechanical properties of food materials mean?

2. How do you understand the “stress”?

3. How many types of deformations of food materials do you know?

4. What is the difference between compressive and tensile stress?

5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Типы стресса классифицируются в соответствии с направлением силы по отношению к оборудованию. 2. Штамм обычно экспресс в качестве безразмерного отношения, такие как удлинение в процентах от первоначальной длины. 3. Механические свойства актуальны для обработки (например, транспортировки, измельчения) и потребления (текстуры, ощущение во рту). 4. Деформация является постоянной, то есть организм не возвращается к исходному размеру и форме, когда снимается напряжение.

3. Retell the text Mechanical Properties

Theme 2. Sewing machines

Task 1. Topical Vocabulary

	ENGLISH	KAZAKH	RUSSIAN
1	Sewing machines	Тігін машиналары	Швейные машины
2	Routine tasks	Бірсарынды мақсаттар	Рутинные задачи
3	Сreation	Жасау	Создание
4	Engineer	Инженер	Инженер
5	Shuttle	Трансфер	Трансфер
6	Tensioning system	Керіліс жүйесі	Система натяжения
7	Structure	Құрылым	Структура
8	Appear	Пайда болу	Появляться
9	Stitches	Қабу, тігіс	Стежки, шов
10	Needle	Ине	Игла
11	Precision	Нақтылық	Точность
12	Pillowcases	Жастықтыс	Наволочки
13	Bedspread	Жамылғы	Покрывало
14	Garment	Киім	Одежда
15	Serger	Оверлог	Оверлог
16	Scissors	Қайшы	Ножницы

Task 2. Read the text and translate using topical vocabulary.

Before the invention of a sewing machine, everything was sewn by hand.

The first sewing machines were introduced in 1755, and they continue to be a very useful tool today. Many people use sewing machines to complete routine tasks for their family.

Many people use sewing machines to complete various hobbies including making clothing and curtains. For those with the right level of skills, sewing machines can provide them with a valuable resource for making money in their own home completing work for other people.

There are several well known brands of sewing machines that people have come to rely on. It is not uncommon for someone to stick with sewing.

Singer sewing machines were first introduced in 1850 as the creation of Isaac Singer. These were the first sewing machines that featured a needle that moved up and down instead of from side to side.

Isaac Merritt Singer has become synonymous with the sewing machine. Trained as an engineer, he built a rotary sewing machine being repaired in a shop in Boston.  His machine used a shuttle service flight instead of a rotating needle  and was mounted vertically and included a clip to hold the fabric in place. One arm was fixed to hold the needle and included a basic tensioning system.

Sewing machines continued to be made in the structure more or less the same, with the most abundant decoration that appears well into the 1900s, when the first electric machines started to appear.

Sewing machines make it very simple to learn how to sew. Many parents want to teach their children this valuable skill. They help them operate sewing machines and practice on scraps of material.

Sewing machines could be divided into many subtypes, but they are essentially dividable into four major types.

Different Kinds of Sewing Machines