Заняття 1. Здоров'я (Health).
1. Словникова робота з теми "Здоров'я (Health)":
Завдання 1. Ознайомтеся з запропонованими матеріалами (текст для письмового перекладу, додаткові матеріали).
Завдання 2*1. Складіть тематичний словник (знання слів, виділених курсивом, обов'язкове), доповніть його словами та висловами з інших джерел.
2. Тема для усної бесіди: "Personal Health".
Завдання 1*. Знайдіть додатковий матеріал з запропонованої теми (до 4000 знаків). Доповніть тематичний словник словами та висловами з додаткового тексту.
Завдання 2. Підготуйтеся зробити усне повідомлення (1–2 хвилини) з теми на основі тексту для перекладу та додаткового матеріалу, відповідати на питання одногрупників.
3. Тексти для письмового перекладу:
Завдання 1. Визначте функціональний стиль та жанр, до яких належить текст. Обґрунтуйте свою відповідь, виходячи з жанрово-стилістичних ознак тексту та спираючись на приклади з тексту.
Завдання 2*. Перекладіть текст письмово. Зверніть увагу на умовні скорочення, структуру тексту оригіналу та їх відтворення відповідно до жанрово-стилістичних вимог мови перекладу.
Завдання 3**. Підготуйтеся до виразного читання текстів оригіналу та перекладу.
Завдання 4**. Будьте готові обстоювати власні перекладацькі рішення.
Personal Health
July 23, 2012, 12:01 am
The Ideal and the Real of Breast-Feeding
By JANE E. BRODY
Yvetta Fedorova
Concern is mounting that the “breast is best” dogma is creating undeserved guilt and serious hardships for a growing number of new mothers, many of whom work full time and cannot afford, professionally or financially, the prolonged maternity leaves needed to breast-feed their infants for the time now recommended.
An Insurmountable Gap. Many more women now work full time, most in places that cannot accommodate a nursing mother. Few can afford an extended unpaid maternity leave. Many new mothers are finding it difficult, if not impossible, to feed their babies nothing but breast milk for six months.
Health officials have likened the failure to breast-feed to the risk of smoking during pregnancy, adding to the distress and guilt suffered by these women.
But as a recent study in Scotland showed, the gap between what is ideal and what is real is insurmountable for many families. The authors, who conducted 220 face-to-face interviews, mostly with pregnant women, new mothers and their partners, concluded that more realistic, achievable goals should be set, particularly in countries like the US and Britain, which have struggled and thus far failed to meet targets for breast-feeding.
Hanna Rosin, mother of three breast-fed babies, wrote in The Atlantic in 2009 that breast-feeding involves “a serious time commitment that pretty much guarantees that you will not work in any meaningful way. When people say that breast-feeding is ‘free,’ it’s only free if a woman’s time is worth nothing.”
The Scottish researchers, whose study was published in March in the journal BMJ Open, concluded that there is “a clash between overt or covert infant feeding idealism and the reality experienced.” Some families “perceive that the solution that will restore family well-being is to stop breast-feeding or introduce solids.”
There may be little net benefit to breast-feeding if it results in distressed mothers or marital discord. As one woman in the Scottish study said, “It all seems to be, ‘Don’t ever do anything that would interfere with breast-feeding’ … But it just doesn’t fit in with the rest of your life, and people just give up as it’s difficult.”
Another woman in the study said of her partner, “I think he’s really delighted that the baby will finally take a bottle from him; that’s their time to sit and chill. I think he feels more connected as well, just being able to do that.”
The authors concluded, “Six months exclusive breast-feeding is considered unrealistic and unachievable by many families, and promoting this is perceived as setting parents up to fail.” Rather than dictate how babies are fed, health professionals should have open-ended discussions with families to see how well a particular feeding regimen would fit into family life.
Uncertain Evidence. Some mothers in the Scottish study resented the “propaganda” promoting breast-feeding, calling the message that “breast is best” overdone and questioning the strength of evidence that exclusive breast-feeding reduces a baby’s risk of developing allergies, asthma, eczema, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, sudden infant death, diminished intelligence, also protecting mothers from breast cancer.
Although there is some evidence supporting such claims, no randomized, controlled trials have proved that breast-fed babies fare better, at least in industrialized countries. Of course, breast-fed babies do fare better in less developed areas, where formula may be prepared with contaminated water or poverty prompts mothers to skimp on its use. As for the antibodies that protect babies early in life, most are acquired via the placenta during pregnancy, except the antibodies against gastrointestinal infections (vomiting and diarrhea).
Based on her review of the medical evidence, Ms. Rosin, in her Atlantic article, wrote, “It shows that breast-feeding is probably, maybe, a little better, but it is far from the stampede of evidence” that has been promoted in the popular literature. “Over all,” she concluded, “breast is probably best, but not so much better that formula deserves the label of ‘public health menace,’ alongside smoking.” Perhaps it is time for more realistic, less polarizing messages about breast-feeding.
Література:
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/the-ideal-and-the-real-of-breast-feeding/
4. Додаткові матеріали:
http://www.nytimes.com/pages/health/