Present Perfect Tense
Вживається для вираження закінченої дії, що завершилася в попередній період до моменту мовлення, але має безпосередній зв`язок з теперішнім моментом.
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translated (PII) в Present Perfect Tense have has |
Обставини часу: just – тільки що yet – ще, вже already – вже recently, lately – недавно ever – коли-небудь never – ніколи this week – цього тижня this month – цього місяця (інколи момент дії може бути невираженим) |
Види речень в Present Perfect Tense
Речення |
Питання |
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розповідні |
заперечні |
загальні |
альтернативні |
спеціальні |
розділові |
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You have already translated the text.
He has passed the exams this week
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You have not (haven’t) translated the text yet.
He has not (hasn’t) passed the exams this week
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Have you already translated the text? – Yes, we have. – (No, we haven’t).
Has he passed the exams this week? – Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t) |
Have you already translated the text or the article?
Has he or has she passed the exams this week?
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What have you already translated?
Who has passed the exams this week?
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You haven’t translated the text yet, have you?
He has passed the exams this week, hasn’t he?
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Past Perfect Tense
Вживається для вираження закінченої дії, що відбулася до певного моменту в минулому та співвідносилася з цим моментом в минулому, а не з моментом мовлення, тобто не з теперішнім моментом.
Відмінювання дієслова в Past Perfect Tense
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Обставини часу: by 3 p.m. yesterday – вчора до 15-ї години by last Wednesday – до минулої середи; інша дія в минулому (When I came to Kyiv my friends had already been there) |
Види речень в Past Perfect Tense
Речення |
Питання |
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розповідні |
заперечні |
загальні |
альтернативні |
спеціальні |
розділові |
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She had translated the poem by last Thursday.
John had written the letter to his friends by 4 p.m. yesterday. |
She had not (hadn’t) translated the poem by last Thursday.
John had not (hadn’t) written the letter to his friends by 4 p.m. yesterday. |
Had she translated the poem by last Thursday? – Yes, she had. (No, she hadn’t).
Had John written the letter to his friends by 4 p.m. yesterday? – Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t).
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Had she translated the poem by last Thursday or Friday?
Had John written the letter to his friends by 4 or by 5 p.m. yesterday? |
What had she translated by last Thursday?
What had John written by 4 p.m. yesterday? |
She had translated the poem by last Thursday, hadn’t she?
John hadn’t written the letter to his friends by 4 p.m. yesterday, had he? |
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