Цитированная литература

¹ Утробина А.А. Теория перевода. – М.: Приор-издат, 2010. – 144 с. – с. 106

² Семенов А.Л. Основные положения общей теории перевода. – М.: РУДН, 2005. – с. 72

Вопросы для самоконтроля

1) Что называется лексико-семантическими трансформациями?

2) Перечислите основные типы лексико-семантических трансформаций.

3) В каких случаях применяются генерализация и конкретизация? В чем заключается их сущность?

4) В чем состоит отличие транскрипции от транслитерации?

5) Дайте определение калькированию.

6) В чем состоит отличие описательного перевода от переводческого комментария?

7) Дайте определение логического развития. Назовите его разновидности.

8) Дайте определение антонимического перевода.

Упражнения Упражнение № 1

Переведите следующие предложения, используя при переводе выделенных слов приемы сужения или расширения значения:

1. His hands were short and broad. 2. From her corner she could see every inch of the big room. 3. Our challenge now is to promote ideas of freedom. 4. The lady’s hat was an elaborate affair of ribbons and feathers. 5. Martin’s performance at the exam was, unfortunately, far from perfect. 6. It is now perfectly clear to me that my previous pattern of life was gone forever. 7. If you make up your mind to visit Madrid I can be of some help for you. I’ve got a nice little place there and I’m sure you’ll find it comfortable. 8. The car killed her.

Упражнение № 2

Переведите следующие предложения, применяя к выделенным словам приемы конкретизации или генерализации:

1. One never knows what he can do. 2. Sir Robert liked to do things by telephone. 3. She is too weak to use a handkerchief, and the tears just run down her face. 4. I hadn’t seen Strickland for weeks. 5. He visits me practically every weekend. 6. He wanted to go out and walk about the streets till day. 7. I have my coffee early. 8. I filled the glass with St. Galmer and gave it to him. 9. She may have had no particular feeling for him. 10. Come and have a game of chess.

Упражнение № 3

Переведите, используя прием конкретизации к выделенным словам и фразам:

1. Do you know, I’ve never been in a boat before in all my life. 2. The baby, Carl, was the only reality of her life. 3. I’m going to Ireland. 4. She took a drag of coffee and then a deep drag of the cigarette. 5. I’m a photographer. I do celebrities and authors for book jackets. 6. Sighing, Dan took the phone. 7. I want to get married.

Упражнение № 4

Переведите, используя прием генерализации:

1. He wants his dinner. 2. The boss was already sitting in the front by the driver’s seat when I got to the Cadillac. 3. Three long years had passed over my head since I had tasted ale, beer, wine, or liquor of any kind. 4. Potts was at Croydon, enveloped in an ulster and carrying in his hand a little attaché case. 5. He still remembered the holly and snapdragons of Park Lane of his childhood. 6. “What’ll you have now – cheese?” “Thank you, sir; I’ve had too much already, but I won’t say ‘No’” “Two Stiltons,” said Michael.