Перевод конструкций с инфинитивом

1. Complex object. See (hear, etc.) + somebody+ infinitive. Переводится на русский язык сложным предложением с союзами что, как, чтобы.

He saw her cross the street. Он видел, как она перешла улицу.

После глаголов to make, to compel, to force, to cause, to get, to have конструкция переводится заставить, вынудить и т.п. + инфинитив

He made her write the letter. Он заставил ее написать письмо.

2. Complex Subject (He + is known (believed, thought, etc.) +infinitive). Переводится на русский язык сложноподчиненным предложением, в котором первая часть – известно, сообщается и т.п. Инфинитив является сказуемым второго предложения.

He is known to be an honest man. Известно, что он честный человек.

3. For+to+infinitive. Переводится либо инфинитивом, либо придаточным предложением.

It’s easy for you to say. Тебе легко говорить.

The fog was too thick for the ship to enter the harbour. Туман был такой густой, что судно не могло войти в гавань.

Вопросы для самоконтроля

1) Почему английский инфинитив представляет сложности при переводе?

2) Какие существуют способы перевода английского инфинитива на русский язык?

3) Перечислите виды инфинитивных конструкций. Прокомментируйте способы их перевода на русский язык.

Упражнения Упражнение № 1

Переведите предложения с инфинитивом, учитывая его синтаксическую функцию:

1) To accomplish this work requires great skill. 2) То define the varieties of English prose style is the purpose of the chapters that follow. 3) Не has gone to England (in order) to perfect his knowledge of English. 4) То understand this author better you should read all his earlier works. 5) The finds are too few to be spoken about. 6) This is the main difficulty to be taken into consideration. 7) This is a rule not to be forgotten. 8) Here is the text to be read by us next time. 9) The conference was to take place in London. 10) He must have forgotten my address.

Упражнение № 2

Переведите предложения с инфинитивом и инфинитивными конструкциями:

1) To put forward the prospect of a partnership between the government, unions and employers, is to refuse to learn the lessons of the past. 2) The policy of Russia is to bring about a disarmament and to do away with an arms race. 3) Sri Lankan President called on all political parties in the country to take part in peace talks on September, 13. 4) The first of Namibian exiles to be repatriated from Angola and Zambia began flying home yesterday. 5) The Organisation of American States early yesterday called off its efforts to mediate a settlement of Panama’s political crisis. 6) Armenian and British Foreign Ministers were expected to sign an agreement on capital investments. 7) Russia wants the US to lift sanctions imposed on Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait. 8) It is unwise and futile for some foreign countries to try to exert pressure on China through political and economic means. 9) He saw the first rays of the sun spread all over the garden.

Упражнение № 3

Переведите предложения с инфинитивом:

1. To curb inflation requires the implementation of the labour movement’s Alternative Economic Strategy. 2. The aim of the new Government is to give the country more democracy. 3. The talks should be attended by international observers. 4. US President called on the Iranian leader to help release US hostages. 5. Itar Tass said that the 160-member observer team would be the first UN mission to supervise elections in a sovereign independent country. 6. “No nukes by 2010” – this is an important task to be solved by those who are for a safer world. 7. In Cape Town a crowd of 250 school teachers marched to protest against detentions.