4. Прочитайте та виконайте письмовий переклад тексту.

Mitigation and adaptation strategies have the potential to both positively and negatively affect human health. Reduction of vehicle miles travelled will reduce the ozone associated with myriad respiratory health effects. Alternative transportation options such as walking and bicycling will reduce toxic emissions while providing positive benefits for health such as increasing cardiovascular fitness and contributing to weight loss. Although such activities also have the potential to increase exposure to harmful outdoor air pollutants, particularly in urban areas, simply by virtue of increased time spent outdoors.

Mitigation of short-lived contaminant species that are both air pollutants and greenhouse gases is gaining momentum. For example, controlling ozone or black carbon could bring short-term climate benefits and alleviate a fraction of the current health burden from these pollutants. Urban tree cover has been shown to reduce ambient concentrations of ozone, and other pollutants. Significant co-benefits of urban vegetation include shade, which decreases energy required to cool buildings, and a concomitant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Adaptive measures such as increased use of air conditioning may alleviate some of the health effects associated with exposure to chronic or acute heat, but also can potentially result in higher greenhouse gas emissions and further declines in air quality, depending on the method of power generation. Health-based research to inform the use of novel fuel mixtures and electric vehicles will be important. Some impacts have been well characterized through life-cycle analyses, while others, particularly those related to novel fuels and energy sources, have yet to be assessed. Careful analyses of mitigation and adaptation co-benefits and tradeoffs are necessary so that appropriate strategies are adopted.

(Originated from “A Human Health Perspective on Climate Change”, 2010)

5. Знайдіть у тексті відповідники поданих слів та словосполучень і складіть з ними речення англійською мовою:

впливати на здоров’я людини	втрата ваги
викиди парникових газів	джерела енергії
зниження якості повітря	міські насадження
альтернативні засоби пересування	електромобілі
кондиціонер повітря	концентрація озону

6. Перекладіть подані твердження й визначте, чи відповідають вони змістові тексту.

1. Walking and bicycling will reduce toxic emissions while increasing cardiovascular fitness.

2. Controlling ozone or black carbon could bring long-term climate benefits.

3. Walking also has the potential to increase exposure to harmful outdoor air pollutants.

4. Urban vegetation increases energy required to cool buildings.

5. Air conditioning can potentially result in higher greenhouse gas emissions and further declines in air quality.