
- •Contents:
- •The noun Классификация существительных
- •Притяжательный падеж имён существительных (The Possessive case (s'/'s).
- •The article
- •Test on articles usage
- •The adjective
- •Interesting more/less interesting the most/least
- •Interesting
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •The numeral
- •Дробные числительные
- •0.35 (.35) – Nought point three five/o point three five/ point three five
- •Для обозначения номеров домов, квартир, комнат, автобусов, рейсов самолётов, глав и страниц книг и т.Д. Обычно употребляются количественные числительные:
- •Грамматические свойства числительных
- •The adverb
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •The pronoun
- •1.Personal Pronouns
- •2.Possessive Pronouns
- •I saw him somewhere.
- •Is there anything I can do for you?
- •I cannot see him anywhere.
- •I have a few friends in Holland.
- •I've got only few pencils in the box.
- •Test on pronouns usage
- •The verb
- •I study at the Belarusian Jurisprudence Institute. Личные и неличные формы глагола
- •Основные формы глагола и времена
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы
- •Классификация глаголов
- •Наклонение
- •If I were you, I should confess the fault freely.
- •It takes me only a few minutes to cook this dish.
- •Времена глаголов
- •The imperative mood
- •Present tenses
- •I take he takes
- •The present continuous (present progressive) tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •I have just come and I haven't had my dinner yet.
- •I haven't seen him today.
- •I haven't seen you for ages.
- •For/ since/ ago
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I've been working in the garden all day long.
- •I've known Jack for five years.
- •Past tenses the past indefinite (past simple) tense
- •I bought this book in Minsk.
- •I told him I didn't like fishing.
- •The past continuous (past progressive) tense
- •It was snowing all day yesterday.
- •The past perfect tense
- •The Past Indefinite (Past Simple) / Past Continuous (Past Progressive) / Past Perfect Continuous / Past Prefect Tense. Test
- •Future tenses
- •I'm going to present them to my little brother.
- •The Future Continuous (Future Progressive) Tense
- •I’ll be expecting you at 4 o’clock sharp.
- •It’s no use trying to see your teacher at 10. He will be giving a lesson at that time.
- •I’ll be seeing him this afternoon.
- •Future in the past
- •Sequence of tenses
- •I thought you were born in 1970.
- •Test sequence of tenses
- •The reported (indirect) speech
- •Reported speech test 1
- •Modal verbs
- •I shall be able to come earlier today.
- •It became dark in the room, and he had to switch on the light because he wanted to write the reply letter immedietly.
- •I don't have to get early today; it's my day off.
- •I was to see the doctor at 2 o'clock.
- •It may rain today.
- •I will gladly help you.
- •Test on modal verbs usage
- •The passive voice
- •The passive voice test 1
- •C) will have been X-rayed
- •The Tower of London
- •The subjunctive mood
- •I shouldn't write a letter to him, if I didn't know his address.
- •I souldn't have written a letter to him, if I hadn't known his address.
- •Conditional sentences
- •1.Если он придет завтра, я помогу ему.
- •2. Если бы он пришел завтра, я бы помог ему.
- •3. Если бы он пришел вчера, я бы помог ему.
- •Test on conditional sentences
- •B. Would be e. Would help
- •B. Wouldn’t have worked e. Hadn’t become
- •C. Had worked f. Won’t be sweeping
- •Inversion
- •The infinitive
- •I must go and see him.
- •I'm glad to have seen you.
- •It must have been a pleasant dream.
- •I was going to ask you to come with us.
- •I'm sorry to disturb you.
- •I want you to help me.
- •I ask you not to be late this time.
- •I saw him cross the street.
- •It's difficult for first-year students to read such texts.
- •It's necessary for me to know her new address. (сложное подлежащее)
- •The gerund
- •I don't remember seeing (having seen) him before.
- •In the morning light, she was ashamed of herself for having been elated the night before.
- •1. Дополнение после глаголов и словосочетаний:
- •The participle
- •I'm very much obliged to you.
- •Is the door locked?
- •Types of questions
- •Test 2 special questions
- •There is / there are
- •Is there anything in the room?
- •If we have spare time we shall visit the British Museum.
- •Союзные слова
- •The preposition
- •Предлоги места
- •Предлоги направления
- •At обозначает точку во времени:
- •In the evening – вечером (с 6 до 10 часов)
- •We have lessons from 8 a.M. Till 2 p.M.
- •Test on prepositions usage.
- •Conjunctions and prerositions
- •Word order
- •In summer Peter wrote them letters very often.
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •Phrasal verbs reference The grammar of phrasal verbs
The participle
Причастие - это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия. Причастию в английском языке соответствует в русском языке причастие и деепричастие. Формы причастия показаны в следующей таблице.
Форма причастия |
Непереходные глаголы |
Переходные глаголы |
|
Present Participle |
going |
asking |
being asked |
Past Participle |
gone |
|
asked |
Perfect Participle |
having gone |
having asked |
having been asked |
Present Participle Active (причастие настоящего времени действительного залога) образуется от основы инфинитива путём добавления окончания -ing:
to stand - standing, to study - studying, to hope - hoping
Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени) правильных глаголов образуется при помощи окончания -ed и совпадает с формой Past Indefinite:
to work - worked, to like - liked
Past Participle неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами:
to write - written, to cut - cut, to make - made
Present Participle (Active и Passive) обозначает действие, одновременное с действием глагола в личной форме:
Seeing that I was late I hurried.
Being left alone i went on with my work.
Perfect Participle (Active и Passive) обозначает действие, предшествующее действию глагола в личной форме:
Having slept two hours he felt rested.
Having prescribed the medicine the doctor went away.
Perfect Participle (Passive) обозначает действие, производимое над лицом или предметом:
Having been shown the wrong direction he lost his way.
Past Participle переходных глаголов является страдательным причастием и обозначает законченное действие, выполненное над каким-то объектом:
On our excursion we saw a wall built a hundred years ago.
Past Participle непереходных глаголов, как правило, самостоятельно не употребляются, а лишь входят в состав сложных форм глагола (перфекта, пассива).
Причастие в предложении может выполнять те же функции, что и прилагательные, и наречия. Present и Past Participle употребляются в предложении в следующих функциях:
определения:
There's a broken chair.Let's repair it.
The sleeping children didn't hear when their father came home.
предикатива:
I'm very much obliged to you.
Is the door locked?
My papers are missing.
обстоятельства (обычно в форме причастного оборота):
обстоятельства времени:
Coming to the stadium they found the game in full swing.
Be careful while crossing the street.
обстоятельства образа действия или сравнения:
"No", he answered shaking his head.
Talking and laughing the students ran out of the classroom.
обстоятельства причины:
Not knowing what to say he kept silent.
Being well-prepared he answered readily.
Having plenty of time I didn't hurry.
Причастие в сочетании с существительным или местоимением может образовывать причастные обороты, выполняющие роль сложного дополнения.
Причастный оборот "Объектный падеж с причастием настоящего времени" (Objective with the Present Participle) представляет собой сочетание существительного или местоимения с причастием настоящего времени. Этот оборот употребляется после глаголов: to feel,to find, to hear, to listen, to look, to notice, to see, to watch:
I hear the bell ringing.
She watched the children playing in the yard.
Этот оборот аналогичен обороту "Объектный падеж с инфинитивом" (Objective with the Infinitive), но причастный оборот показывает действие в процессе, а инфинитивный оборот только указывает на действие:
I saw some children crossing the street.
Я видел, как дети переходили улицу.
I saw the children cross the street.
Я видел, что дети переходили улицу.
Оборот "Объектный падеж с причастием прошедшего времени" (Objective with the Past Participle) представляет собой сочетание существительного или местоимения в объектном падеже с причастием прошедшего времени. Этот оборот употребляется после глаголов: to have, to get, to want, to wish, to watch, to hear, to see, to find:
You must have your hair cut.
I want it done now.
I had my photo taken.
Этот оборот с глаголом to have(to get) означает, что действие совершается не самим подлежащим, а другим лицом для него или за него:
I must have my shoes repaired.
Независимый причастный оборот (The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction) представляет собой сочетание существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже с причастием, в котором существительное или местоимение выполняет роль подлежащего по отношению к причастию, но не является подлежащим всего предложения:
The weather being bad, we stayed at home.
Exercise 1. Open the brackets. Make participles of the verbs in brackets.
A crowd of (excite) people were watching the firemen trying to save the (burn) building. 2. "During my vacation I came across extremely (interest) books," said he. - "Which ones?" she asked in an (interest) voice. 3. "Why do you look so (worry)?" - "I've had a number of (worry) telephone calls lately." 4. I don't know what was in the (burn) letter. 5. Nothing can save the (sink) ship now. All we can do is to try and save the passengers. 6. It was an (excite) incident. No wonder she spoke about it in an (excite) voice. 7. After hearing the (frighten) tale, the (frighten) children wouldn't go to sleep. 8. The doctor did his best to convince her that there was nothing seriously wrong with the boy, but the (worry) mother wouldn't calm down.
Exercise 2. Unite the following sentences into one using the appropriate participle.
E.g. He was very busy. He had to refuse our invitation.
Being very busy he had to refuse our invitation.
I knew that he was poor. I offered him a room.
She didn’t want to listen to the story again. She had heard it before.
I was awfully tired. I couldn’t listen to all that nonsense she was pouring on me.
The weather was just perfect. It was the greatest pleasure to just sit and relax on that marvellous riverbank.
He understood it was ferocity to kill that fabulous bird. He just couldn’t raise the gun.
The teacher has corrected our grammar tests. They are on his desk.
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into English using Participles.
1. Я уже проверил все сочинения, написанные студентами моей группы. 2. Покажите мне список студентов, изучающих английский язык. 3. Вы должны быть очень внимательны, открывая счёт в банке. 4. Будучи очень усталым, я решил остаться дома. 5. Капитан стоял на палубе, отдавая распоряжения матросам. 6. Мы долго сидели в саду, разговаривая о нашей будущей поездке на юг. 7. Он показал нам список товаров, экспортируемых на юг. 8. Я ещё не просмотрел всех журналов, присланных нам из Лондона. 9. Книги, издаваемые в нашей стране для детей, очень хорошо иллюстрированы. 10. Железная дорога, связывающая эту деревню с городом, была построена в прошлом веке.