The passive voice

Все переходные глаголы могут выражать действие в действительном и страдательном залоге.

Мы построили новый дом - (действительный залог).

Новый дом построен нами - (страдательный залог).

В предложениях действительного залога грамматическое подлежащее обозначает лицо (или предмет), совершающее действие. В страдательном залоге подлежащее (лицо или предмет) подвергается действию. Глагол в страдательном залоге употребляется и в том случае, когда нет необходимости упоминать лицо, совершающее действие.

• These poems were written in 1816.

Эти поэмы были написаны в 1816 году.

• Europe is washed by many seas.

Европа омывается многими морями.

Страдательный залог образуется из действительного при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени (to be, to be being, to have been),лице и числе и третьей основной формы смыслового глагола (Participle II).

В страдательном залоге употребляются все времена за исключением Future Continuous и всей группы времен Perfect Continuous.

Present Indefinite:	We write letters.(Active)	Мы пишем письма.
	Letters are written by us.(Passive)	Письма пишутся нами.
Past Indefinite:	We wrote letters. (Active)	Мы писали письма.
	Letters were written by us.(Passive)	Письма были написаны нами.
Future Indefinite:	We shall write letters.(Active)	Мы напишем письма.
	Letters will be written by us.(Passive)	Письма будут написаны нами.
Present Continuous:	Our teacher is explaining the rule. (Active)	Наш преподаватель объясняет правило.
	The rule is being explained by our teacher.(Passive)	Правило объясняется нашим преподавателем.
Past Continuous:	Our teacher was explaining the rule. (Active)	Наш преподаватель объяснял правило.
	The rule was being explained by our teacher.(Passive)	Правило объяснялось нашим преподавателем.
Present Perfect:	I have written a letter.(Active)	Я написал письмо.
	The letter has been written by me(Passive).	Письмо было написано мной.
Past Perfect:	I had written a letter before you came.(Active)	Я написал письмо до того, как вы пришли.
	The letter had been written by me before you came.(Passive)	Письмо было написано мною до того, как вы пришли.
Future Perfect:	I shall have written a letter before you come.(Active)	Я напишу письмо до того, как вы придете.
	The letter will have been written by me before you come.(Passive)	Письмо будет написано мною до того, как вы придете.

Exercise 1. Choose the correct translation of the following sentences.

1.Мне сказали купить билеты.

1. I told them to buy tickets.

2. I was told to buy tickets.

3. They bought tickets for me.

2.Нам дали новое оборудование.

1. They give us new equipment.

2. We were given new equipment.

3. We gave them new equipment.

3.На нее посмотрели холодно.

1. She was looked at coldly

2. She looked coldly.

3. She looked at him coldly.

4.Их могут спросить.

1. They may ask.

2. They can ask.

3. They may be asked.

5.Работу надо закончить к 5 часам..

1. The work may be complete at5 o'clock

2. The work is to be completed by 5 o'clock.

3. The work must be completed by 5 o'clock.

6.Здесь построят много новых зданий

1. Many new buildings will be built here.

2. There are many new buildings here.

3. Many new buildings are built here.

7.Собрание состоялось в зале.

1. The meeting is held in the hall.

2. The meeting was held in the hall.

3. The meeting will be held in the hall.

8.Кому был показан вчера Дворец Съездов?

1. Who showed the Palace of Congresses yesterday?

2. Who was shown the Palace of Congresses yesterday?

3. Who saw the Palace of Congresses yesterday?

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

1.The technician was sent for at two o'clock.

2.The use of 'thinking' machines is much spoken about.

3.The engineer must be sent for as soon as possible.

4.These results will be referred to at the next conference.

5.Their design will not be spoken about at the meeting.

6.Their achievements were not referred to in his report.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct passive form.

1.The room (to clean) every day.

2.Two trees (to blow down) in the storm last night.

3.Paper (to make) from wood.

4.There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two rooms (to damage).

5.Many different languages (to speak) in India.

6.These houses are very old. They (to build) about 500 years ago.

7.Many American programmes (to show) on British television.

8."Is this a very old film?" - "Yes, it (to make) in 1949."

9.My car (to steal) last week. The next day it (to find) by the police.

10.The transistor (to invent) in 1948.

11.She has a very good job. She (to pay) $3,000 a month.

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form (either active or passive).

1.It's a big factory. Five hundred people (to employ) there.

2.Water (to cover) most of the Earth's surface.

3.Most of the Earth's surface (to cover) by water.

4.The park gates (to lock) at 6.30p.m. every evening.

5.The letter (to post) a week ago and it (to arrive) yesterday.

6.The boat (to sink) very quickly but fortunately everybody (to rescue).

7.Ron's parents (to die) when he was very young. He and his sister (to bring up) by their grandparents.

8.I was born in London but I (to grow up) in the north of England.

9.While I was on holiday, my camera (to steal) from my hotel room.

10.While I was on holiday, my camera (to disappear) from my hotel room.

11.Why (Sue/to resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?

12.Why (Bill/to sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13.The company is not independent. It (to own) by a much larger company.

14.I saw an accident last night. Somebody (to call) an ambulance but nobody (tо injure) so the ambulance (not to need).

15.Where (these photographs/to take)?In London? (you/to take) them?

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct passive form. Make all necessary changes in the sentences.

1.I'm not wearing my black shoes today. They (mend).

2.This copy (not read).The pages (not cut).

3.Why the car (not lock) or (put) into the garage?

4.The damaged ship (tow) into harbour when the towline broke.

5.This room (use) only on special occasions.

6.Bicycles must not (leave) in the hall.

7.He was taken to hospital this afternoon, and (operate on) tomorrow morning.

8.It was a lonely road, and the girl was afraid; she thought she (follow).

9.The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month.

10.The little girl is the only child in the family, and she (spoil) by her parents and grandparents.

11.Normally this street (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday.

12.It was very cold yesterday afternoon, but we couldn't light a fire in the sitting-room; the chimney (sweep).

13.This purse (leave) in a classroom yesterday, it (find) by the cleaner.

14.Thousands of new houses (build) every year.

15.When I saw the car, it (drive) at over fifty miles an hour.

16.This room (not use) for ages.

17.The children are very excited this morning. They (take) to the circus this afternoon.

18.My keys (return) to me; they (pick up) in the street.

19.Dogs must (keep) on leads in the garden.

20.Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination.

Exercise 6. Translate into English.

1.Все картины, котoрые вы здесь видите, написаны одним художником.

2.Эта история давно забыта всеми.

3.Моего брата посылают в командировку. Сейчас он готовится к отъезду.

4.Работа будет закончена в срок.

5.За доктором послали? Сделайте это как можно скорее. У ребенка высокая температура.

6.Эта книга была написана до того, как автор стал знаменитым.

7.Сотни новых домов будут построены к концу этого года.

8.Он сказал мне, что его костюм шьет первоклассный портной.

9.Мне предложили очень интересную работу.

10.Он серьезный человек. На него всегда можно положиться.

11.За старой женщиной ухаживает ее младшая дочь.

12.Вчера нам показали прекрасный фильм.

13.В дом попала молния.

14.С ним необходимо немедленно поговорить по этому вопросу.

15.Вам могут задать вопрос по домашнему чтению на экзамене.

16.Ей было дано задание составить список участников концерта.

17.Речь была заслушана с большим вниманием.

18.Поход пришлось отложить из-за плохой погоды.

19.Об этой пьесе сейчас много говорят.

20.Делегацию нужно встретить (по предварительной договоренности) завтра в 9 часов утра в аэропорту.

Exercise 7. Supply the required passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

1.Aunt Dinah (not to like) by my father's family; she (to consider) vulgar.

2.After his brother's departure Paul sat for a long time thinking about what (to say).

3."I'm not prepared, "my father said, "to listen to your suggestions that you never (to treat) fairly at school."

4.In the drawing room the music of Mozart (to play) by an orchestra seen on the screen.

5."Remember I (to pay) by the hour, "grumbled the driver.

6.But there were signs that order (to restore) in the town.

7.I (to receive) by one of the chiefs and (to take) for lunch to the canteen.

8.Well,what (to do) about it, Ted?

9.He went into the bedroom. The bed (to turn ) down for the night by the maid many hours before.

10.I said we yet (not to teach) anything.

11.Please find out if your father (to see) to leave.

12.She could have gone to Cambridge if she had wanted, she (to offer) a scholarship.

13.He arrived just after the electricity (to cut),And Joseph was lighting the oil-lamps.

14.On Friday she (to give) two weeks notice at the Works.

15.Then the voice announced that the passengers (to beg) to pass through the customs.

16.I wondered to what extent she (to influence) by his name to accept the offer.

17.Meg (to look) upon as the perfect wife for a clergyman.

18.Such are the matters that (to deal) with in Mr. Gimson's book.

19.He (to see) entering the school building just when the first student (to call) upon to read aloud from Beowulf.

20.Ahead of the port lay in a flood of lights. Two cargo-ships (to unload).

21.I found the idea of going Hereford very upsetting because I (to promise) a very nice job a couple of weeks before.

22.Not far away she noticed the film manager in whose office she once (to make) to fel so ridiculous.

23."You must be very prosperous, Eustace, to own a car like that." "This car (to lend) me by an American woman.24.I felt I (to catch) out boasting.

25.I could not tell him that I had spent the money I (to leave) in order to get myself a house.

26.After lunch, we heard that Charles (to send) for.

27.She (to operate) on at seven o'clock next morning.

28.Their engagement (to announce) and a number of parties (to give) for the young couple.

29.I said, "Our dog (to run) over, but we're going to have another."

30.The days that followed afterward (to look) back on by Philip as a kind of a nightmare.

31.The scene (to put) an end to abruptly by the arrival of their father.

32.I discovered that a similar message (to send) to my office.

33.After the two women (to show) over the house they (to take) for a walk round the garden.

34.Our garden was all weeds, but the one next door (to look) after to perfection.

35.You have hardly any right to talk to me about the children. They (to see) to all right, аnd it will be me that sees to them, not you.

36.Somewhere from far away in the town came the sounds of shots. "Somebody (to kill),"I said.

37.Joe (to try) and (to sentence) to five years in New Caledonia.

38.He watched Jack while the film (to run).

39.The boy who put a frog in the teacher's desk (to ask) to return the frog to the pool.

40.Our ability to use English subtly or precisely continually (to interfere) with our need to use language simply and imprecisely for everyday purposes.

Exercise 8. Turn the following active constructions into passive ones omitting the agent of the action.

1.No one has made any mistake.

2.What do you call it?

3.They asked us to stay a little longer.

4.One expects him to obey the regulations.

5.People have made great progress in physics.

6.They are discussing the possibility of new negotiations.

7.Everybody thought that Jack was clever but lazy.

8.People use coal for making artificial materials.

9.People say it is difficult.

10.What books are people reading this year?

11.They elected him President of the Club last year.

12.They are rehearsing a new play at the National Theatre.

13.Someone found the children in the morning.

14.Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.

15.He knew that they had sent the invitation out two weeks earlier.

16.They can arrange all things.

17.People expect you to meet the chief.

18.Are they sending for you?

19.They have always passed his telephone calls through to the Minister without questions.

20.They never took any major decisions without his knowledge or advice.

21.I knew that they had told him of the meeting at once.

22.The trouble started when they told me to change the way we were running this department.

23.There was a tear in his trousers which someone had already darned.

24.In his circle they looked on the police as enemies.

25.They took the child to the hospital for the poor.

26.Ever since I started asking questions about my sister they have lied to me.

27.People talked of the house for miles.

28.I'm sure they will look better after him in an army hospital.

29.When the situation called for a lie, he lied firmly and well.

30.No one has ever beaten my brother at tennis.

31.Theu gave his little daughter a present, too.

32.They will show the visitors all the new pictures.

33.They promised the workers higher wages.

34.The others told the new pupils where to sit.

35.We must look into the matter.

36.They gave me two shillings change at the shop.