- •Contents:
- •The noun Классификация существительных
- •Притяжательный падеж имён существительных (The Possessive case (s'/'s).
- •The article
- •Test on articles usage
- •The adjective
- •Interesting more/less interesting the most/least
- •Interesting
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •The numeral
- •Дробные числительные
- •0.35 (.35) – Nought point three five/o point three five/ point three five
- •Для обозначения номеров домов, квартир, комнат, автобусов, рейсов самолётов, глав и страниц книг и т.Д. Обычно употребляются количественные числительные:
- •Грамматические свойства числительных
- •The adverb
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •The pronoun
- •1.Personal Pronouns
- •2.Possessive Pronouns
- •I saw him somewhere.
- •Is there anything I can do for you?
- •I cannot see him anywhere.
- •I have a few friends in Holland.
- •I've got only few pencils in the box.
- •Test on pronouns usage
- •The verb
- •I study at the Belarusian Jurisprudence Institute. Личные и неличные формы глагола
- •Основные формы глагола и времена
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы
- •Классификация глаголов
- •Наклонение
- •If I were you, I should confess the fault freely.
- •It takes me only a few minutes to cook this dish.
- •Времена глаголов
- •The imperative mood
- •Present tenses
- •I take he takes
- •The present continuous (present progressive) tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •I have just come and I haven't had my dinner yet.
- •I haven't seen him today.
- •I haven't seen you for ages.
- •For/ since/ ago
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I've been working in the garden all day long.
- •I've known Jack for five years.
- •Past tenses the past indefinite (past simple) tense
- •I bought this book in Minsk.
- •I told him I didn't like fishing.
- •The past continuous (past progressive) tense
- •It was snowing all day yesterday.
- •The past perfect tense
- •The Past Indefinite (Past Simple) / Past Continuous (Past Progressive) / Past Perfect Continuous / Past Prefect Tense. Test
- •Future tenses
- •I'm going to present them to my little brother.
- •The Future Continuous (Future Progressive) Tense
- •I’ll be expecting you at 4 o’clock sharp.
- •It’s no use trying to see your teacher at 10. He will be giving a lesson at that time.
- •I’ll be seeing him this afternoon.
- •Future in the past
- •Sequence of tenses
- •I thought you were born in 1970.
- •Test sequence of tenses
- •The reported (indirect) speech
- •Reported speech test 1
- •Modal verbs
- •I shall be able to come earlier today.
- •It became dark in the room, and he had to switch on the light because he wanted to write the reply letter immedietly.
- •I don't have to get early today; it's my day off.
- •I was to see the doctor at 2 o'clock.
- •It may rain today.
- •I will gladly help you.
- •Test on modal verbs usage
- •The passive voice
- •The passive voice test 1
- •C) will have been X-rayed
- •The Tower of London
- •The subjunctive mood
- •I shouldn't write a letter to him, if I didn't know his address.
- •I souldn't have written a letter to him, if I hadn't known his address.
- •Conditional sentences
- •1.Если он придет завтра, я помогу ему.
- •2. Если бы он пришел завтра, я бы помог ему.
- •3. Если бы он пришел вчера, я бы помог ему.
- •Test on conditional sentences
- •B. Would be e. Would help
- •B. Wouldn’t have worked e. Hadn’t become
- •C. Had worked f. Won’t be sweeping
- •Inversion
- •The infinitive
- •I must go and see him.
- •I'm glad to have seen you.
- •It must have been a pleasant dream.
- •I was going to ask you to come with us.
- •I'm sorry to disturb you.
- •I want you to help me.
- •I ask you not to be late this time.
- •I saw him cross the street.
- •It's difficult for first-year students to read such texts.
- •It's necessary for me to know her new address. (сложное подлежащее)
- •The gerund
- •I don't remember seeing (having seen) him before.
- •In the morning light, she was ashamed of herself for having been elated the night before.
- •1. Дополнение после глаголов и словосочетаний:
- •The participle
- •I'm very much obliged to you.
- •Is the door locked?
- •Types of questions
- •Test 2 special questions
- •There is / there are
- •Is there anything in the room?
- •If we have spare time we shall visit the British Museum.
- •Союзные слова
- •The preposition
- •Предлоги места
- •Предлоги направления
- •At обозначает точку во времени:
- •In the evening – вечером (с 6 до 10 часов)
- •We have lessons from 8 a.M. Till 2 p.M.
- •Test on prepositions usage.
- •Conjunctions and prerositions
- •Word order
- •In summer Peter wrote them letters very often.
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •Phrasal verbs reference The grammar of phrasal verbs
The present perfect tense
Present Perfect указывает на связь действия, которое произошло в прошлом, с настоящим, т.е. с моментом речи. Эта связь обычно выражается в том, что прошлое действие имеет какой-то результат в настоящем.
Разница в значении Present Perfect и Past Indefinite заключается в следующем: Past Indefinite обозначает действие, приуроченное к определённому моменту или периоду прошедшего времени и никак несвязанного с настоящим, тогда как Present Perfect обозначает действие, имеющее результат в настоящем и не приуроченное к какому-либо моменту прошедшего времени.
Present Perfect употребляется:
в предложениях без каких-либо обстоятельств времени, когда говорящий хочет подчеркнуть не само действие, а его результат:
Have you finished your work? - Yes, I have.
You haven't changed at all!
Oh, he has broken the vase!
в предложениях с наречиями или обстоятельствами: ever, never, just, already, yet и т.п.
Have you ever been to Japan?
He has never visited these parts.
I have just come and I haven't had my dinner yet.
в предложениях с обстоятельственными словами и наречиями определённого времени в тех случаях, когда указываемый период времени ещё не закончился к моменту речи: today, this morning, this week, all day:
I haven't seen him today.
She has worked hard all day today.
в предложениях с обстоятельствами времени, указывающими на период, в течение которого происходило или могло происходить действие, начиная с какого-то момента прошедшего времени и вплоть до настоящего времени: lately, for a long time, how long, so far, up to now, up to present, for the past two hours (days, months, years), for three hours (days, months, years) и др., или с обстоятельствами, указывающими только начало такого периода (обычно с союзом since - с, с тех пор, с тех пор как):
Have you been to the theatre lately?
I haven't seen you for ages.
So much has happened since I saw you last.
Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в Present Idefinite и Past Participle (причастия прошедшего времени) основного глагола:
have/has + Ved (3-я форма глагола)
Exercise 14. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense.
1.I'm afraid I (forget) my book at home.
2......the secretary (yet/come)?
3.I (learn) the rhyme. Could you listen to me?
4......you (ever/be) to Italy?
5.They (already/inform) me about the accident.
6.He is the most handsome man I (ever/know).
7.Kelvin (already/leave) for Manchester.
8.He (not/receive) any letters from her this week.
9.I (not/hear) from him since he left Paris.
10.I (not/see) Tom for ages.
11.....you (have) a holiday this year?
12.We (see) some good films recently.
13.They (wait) for you for half an hour.
14.Mom (have) a headache since she came from the theatre.
15.Alan (work) in the bank for a year.
16.Granny (be) ill for a fortnight.
17......you (ever/ride) a horse?
18.Sue (not/take) a lot of drugs since she joined the health club.