VII. Language.

Exercise 15. Match words and word-combinations in column A with those in column B.

1) open standard 2) royalty-free technologies 3) to implement 4) patent holders 5) wide range of meanings 6) patent licensing fees 7) explicitly 8) open formats 9) specification 10) restrictive contract terms

1) здійснювати 2) обмежувальні контрактні терміни 3) власник патенту 4) специфікація, перелік 5) відкритий стандарт 6) широкий спектр значень 7) відкриті формати 8) безоплатні технології 9) детально 10) плата за реєстрацію патенту

VIII. Comprehension.

Exercise 16. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1) An open standard is a standard that is not publicly available and it was designed under an undocumented closed process.

2) The term "open" is usually restricted to royalty-free technologies.

3) The term "standard" is sometimes restricted to technologies approved by formalized committees that are open to participation by all interested parties and operate on a consensus basis.

4) The definitions of the term "open standard" used by academics, the European Union and some of its member governments or parliaments such as Great Britain, Greece and Germany preclude open standards requiring fees for use.

5) Few definitions of the term "standard" do not permit patent holders to impose "reasonable and non-discriminatory" royalty fees and other licensing terms on users of the standard.

6) Open standards which specify formats are sometimes referred to as closed formats.

7) Many specifications that are sometimes referred to as standards are not proprietary and available without any restrictions.

Exercise 17. Answer the following questions to the text B:

1) What is an open standard?

2) What do the terms “open” and “standard” mean?

3) What are the actions of the governments of Denmark, France, and Spain concerning an open standard?

4) Does the World Wide Web ensure that its specifications can be implemented on a Royalty-Free (RF) basis?

5) How can holders of the patents act in accordance with the definitions of the open standard?

6) Can you name some international standards bodies?

7) Why is the term "open standard" sometimes coupled with "open source"?

IX. Speaking.

Exercise 18. Explain the meanings of the terms “open” and “standard”.

Exercise 19. Speak of the different standard organizations. Explain the ways in which they use the definitions of the “standards”.

Exercise 20. Make up a plan covering the main ideas. Discuss the text according to the plan.

X. Writing.

Exercise 21. Read the text C. Give the reviewing translation of the text. Write an abstract to the following text.

Use set-expressions:

The title of the text is…..

As the title implies the text describes …

The text is about …

It is spoken in detail ...

Much attention is given to ….

……. are noted.

It is stressed ……..

In conclusion ……

The text is of interest to…… etc.