12. Complete the text with the best word. The life cycle of a product

All products have a life cycle. New products are being developed all the time to replace older products which are coming to the end of their lives.

The cycle begins when a new product is …....(1). At that satge, there is only aplan or a drawing, which is then used when the product is …...(2). Nobody knows how well the new product works, or how good it is, so it has to be ….. (3). On the basis of the test results, it may have to be modified. Once the necessary ….. (4) have been made, the product is ready to be launched and then …... (5) in a number of advertising campaigns. Advertising plays a very important role, and so does …... (6). Indeed, the company has to make sure that its new product is ….. (7) to as many customers as possible. Eventually, when it is clear that sales are going down steadily, the company will probably decide to …. (8) the product.

1 a) planned b) designed c) sketched

2 a) fabricated b) manufactured c) assembled

3 a) tested b) examined c) researched

4 a) specifications b) qualities c) improvements

5 a) promoted b) exhibited c) displayed

6 a) discount b) delivering c) distribution

7 a) profitable b) available c) marketable

8 a) destroy b) discontinue c) distinguish

13. Match the following sentence halves. Underline the passive forms.

1 If sales continue to fall a) and our product will become a lot more

environment friendly.

2 Most of the world's soccer balls are b) the competition was already testing

made in Asia a similar drug.

3 Our new computer games will be distributed c) I'm afraid this model will have to be

discontinued.

4 The existing model can be improved easily d) nationwide well before the advertising campaign begins.

5 The packaging will be modified e) so we don't have to design a new product.

6 When Alkapen was launched, f) by very young people who live in poverty.

14. Make the sentences passive.

1 They make Suzuki cars in Hungary too.

Suzuki cars are made in Hungary too.

2 Someone is repairing your washing machine now.

3 Bayer developed this new drug.

4 They were still researching into the effects of Alkapen.

5 Bayer has retained all selling rights.

6 The question is, have we promoted our new range enough?

7 If sales continue to fall, we will have to discontinue it.

8 We should test this new product immediately.

9 We should improve its distribution.

10 We definitely have to improve the packaging.

14. Advertising and promotion

1. There are different ways of advertising: newspaper/magazine ad direct mail, tv, website ad, posters. Answer the questions:

1) Which do you think is the best for contracting specific customers?

2) Which do you think is the most expensive?

2. Which way (or ways) of advertising do you think is most suitable for these situations?

1 a travel company selling last-minute trips

2 a car company launching a new model

3 a bank telling customers about a new kind of bank accountant

4 a local politician who wants people to vote for him/her?