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8. What are the prepositions or other words used with the following expressions?

be in charge____________

be responsible __________

to deal ________________

to make sure ___________

9. Write about a job you would like , or would not like to have.

GRAMMAR REVIEW

Some equivalents of modal verbs.

Instead of can and could

be able (to do)

  • He is able to do it on his own. (= He can do it on his own.)

  • The watchman was able to catch the thief. (= The watchman could catch the thief.)

  • She was able to solve the problem. (= She could solve the problem.)

manage (to do)

  • I managed to come.

Be allowed (to do)

  • I was allowed to come.

Could not = was/were not able = did not manage

***

Be to instead of will/shall

  • He is to retire next year. (= He will retire next year.)

  • We are to have a test in English next week. (= We will have a test in English next week.)

The structure ‘be to’ indicates simple future, like will or shall, but with a slight degree of uncertainty. The sentence ‘He is to retire’ means that ‘He is likely to retire’. It is not quiet certain whether he will actually retire or not.

Be to may also express a stronger meaning, almost like must, but it is not quite strong or blunt.

  • You are to take this medicine whether you like it or not.

***

Had better instead of should or ought to

  • You had better consult a doctor. (= You should consult a doctor.)

Had better may also express a threat.

  • He had better mend his ways.

***

Have to and have got to instead of must

  • I have to report for duty within a week. (= I must report for duty within a week.)

  • I have got to talk to her. (= I have to/must talk to her.)

  • Did you have to do that? (was that necessary?)

Have got to means the same as have to in most situations. It is more common in an informal style.

10. Complete the dialogues.

— Did you have difficulty in finding our office?

— Not really. Mr Smith had given me good directions and I managed to.........

— Did you finish your work this afternoon?

  • Yes. There was nobody to disturb me so I was able to.............

  • Did everybody escape from the fire?

  • Yes. Although the fire spread quickly, everybody managed to ….........

— Was she allowed to go on holiday last month?

— She was, as far as I know. I'll be able to.........................

11. Use modal verbs or their equivalents.

1 I ___________ to contact her at her office and we settled all the problems over the telephone.

2 I couldn't see him on Monday, though I __________ meet him on Friday. But he was busy.

3 Tell Kathy about your problem. She might _______________ to help you.

4 I can't understand Alex. I've never ___________ to understand him.

5 They ___________ to ship the goods in May but they ______ not _____ to do so.

12. Make questions with have to do smth

Why....? I had to go to hospital yesterday.

Where....? I have to get up early.

How much....? Ann has to go somewhere now.

How long....? George had to play a parking fine yesterday.

What time...? I had to wait a long time for a bus.

I have to phone my brother now.

Jill has to leave soon.

13. Complete the sentences using don't/doesn't/didn't have + one of the verbs.

do get up go pay wait

I'm not working tomorrow, so I _________________ early.

The car park is free, you __________________to park your car here.

I went to the bank this morning. There was no queue, so I ____________________.

We've got plenty of time. We ______________ yet.

I'm not really busy. I've got a few things to do but I ___________them now.

A man was slightly injured in the accident but he ____________ to hospital.

Must

You must do something. (It's my opinion)

I must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things I want to do.

Have(to do)

You have to do something (That is the rule or requirement of situation)

I have to get up early tomorrow. I'm going away and my train leaves at 7.30.

Mustn't

You mustn't do this. (It's prohibited)

I mustn't be late. (It's very bad)

Don't have (to do)

You don't have to do this (It's not necessary. There is no need)