Relative Pronouns What are relative pronouns?

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause within a complex sentence.

In the example:

Mike found the keys that he had lost.

that is a relative pronoun which introduces the relative clause that he had lost.

In English the relative pronouns are who, whom, which, whose, and that.

Relative pronouns

who - subject or object pronoun for people

They caught the lady who killed her baby. I know the man who you met.

which - subject or object pronoun

I read the book which is on the table. I visited the town which you told me about.

which - referring to a whole sentence

They were unsuccessful which is disappointing.

whom - used for object pronoun for people, especially in non-restrictive relative clauses (in restrictive relative clauses use who)

The boy whom you told me about got the best grades in mathematics.

that - subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in restrictive relative clauses (who or which are also possible)

I like the vase that is over there.

д) Дієслово:

The English Verb

Verbs in English

A verb in syntax is a part of speech which conveys

1. action (bring, read, walk, run, learn)

2. or state of being (exist, stand)

Sentences in English have a main verb which is stated in a tense (simple present, simple past, simple future...)

Inflections

Verbs are inflected, modified in form, when conjugated. For example, verbs take s, ed or ing in some of its forms depending on the tense and the subject-verb agreement.

Agreement

In English a verb may agree with the person and number of its subject. For example, verbs take s in the third person singular of the simple present:

Bare Infinitive	Third Person Singular
play	he she it plays
work	he, she, it works

When the verb to have conjugates in the third person singular of the simple present, the right inflection is has NOT haves

The verb to be has different inflections:

to be
I	am
he, she, it	is
we, you, they	are

Transitive or intransitive verbs

Verbs can be classified according to whether they are transitive or intransitive verbs:

• Intransitive: the verb only has a subject.  For example:  he runs - it falls.

• Transitive: the verb has a subject and a direct object.  For example:  she speaks English - we visit him.

Related Pages:

• Transitive and intransitive verbs

• Exercise on transitive and intransitive verbs

• The verb

• Transitive and intransitive verbs

• Finite verb

• Non-finite verb

• Auxiliary verbs

• Linking verbs

• Parts of speech

• Subject

• Verb

• Predicate

• Direct and indirect objects

• Sentence

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Transitive verbs

Transitive verbs are verbs that require one or more objects.

Examples:

• She cut the cake.

• They climbed the mountain.

• He gave her a flower.

The verbs cut, climbed, and gave have objects.

Transitive verbs	Objects
cut	the cake
climbed	the mountain
gave	her and a flower

Transitive verbs can be categorized into two types: monotransitive and ditransitive:

1. Monotransitive verbs are verbs that require exactly one object. Example: He wrote a poem

2. Ditransitive verbs are verbs that may require two objects, a direct object and an indirect object. Example: She offered him (first object) her car (second object).