- •Plurals
- •Irregular plurals:
- •Countable and uncountable nouns
- •Much, many and a lot.
- •In the interrogative forms we use:
- •In the negative forms we use:
- •In the affirmative forms:
- •A little or a few, little or few
- •Definite and indefinite articles
- •Adjectives What are adjectives?
- •Adjectives versus adverbs
- •Comparatives and superlatives
- •Other noun modifiers
- •You may also be interested in
- •Comparatives and Superlatives
- •Irregular comparatives and superlatives
- •Adverbs
- •1. Regular adverbs:
- •2. Exceptions:
- •3. Things to remember:
- •Position of Adverbs
- •1. Adverb of Manner
- •2. Adverbs of Place
- •3. Adverbs of Time
- •4. Adverbs of Frequency
- •Adverbs of Frequency
- •Cumulative and Coordinate Adjectives
- •Quantifiers
- •Numbers and Numerals Числа и числительные
- •Functions of numerals Функции числительных
- •Note: Примечание:
- •Numerals: BrE and AmE Числительные: BrE и AmE
- •Digits, figures, numerals, numbers Цифры, числительные, числа
- •Cardinal numerals Количественные числительные
- •Examples of spelling Примеры написания
- •Examples in sentences Примеры в предложениях
- •Note: Multiples of one hundred Примечание: Числа, кратные ста
- •Examples in sentences Примеры в предложениях
- •Difficult spellings Трудные случаи написания
- •Fractions Дроби
- •Examples of spelling Примеры написания
- •Examples of spelling and pronunciation Примеры написания и произношения
- •Examples in sentences Примеры в предложениях
- •Singular or plural verb Глагол в ед. Или мн. Числе
- •Hundred, thousand, million Сто, тысяча, миллион
- •Note: Billion and milliard Примечание: Billion и milliard
- •Pronouns
- •Subject Pronouns
- •Object Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronouns
- •I look at myself in the mirror.
- •Possessive Adjectives
- •Demonstratives - This, that, these, those
- •Relative Pronouns What are relative pronouns?
- •Relative pronouns
- •The English Verb
- •Verbs in English
- •Inflections
- •Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
- •Intransitive verbs
- •Finite Verbs What is a finite verb?
- •Examples
- •What is a non-finite verb?
- •Examples
- •Auxiliary verbs What are auxiliary verbs?
- •List of auxiliary verbs
- •Auxiliary verb or full verb?
- •Related material:
- •Linking verbs What are linking verbs?
- •List of linking verbs
- •Linking verb?
- •Related material: Stative and Dynamic / Action Verbs
- •Causative Verbs
- •Contraction
- •Clipping
- •Blending What are blends?
- •Demonstratives - This, that, these, those What are demonstratives?
- •Demonstrative pronouns vs demonstrative adjectives
- •Use of demonstratives
- •H questions (Question Words) Types of questions
- •Question words
- •Asking questions
- •Tag Questions Definition
- •Examples Statements
- •Possessives
- •Quantifiers What are quantifiers?
- •The full infinitive
- •Gerund or Infinitive Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund:
- •Verbs that can be followed by a gerund (ex: doing)
- •Verbs that can be followed by an infinitive ( ex : to do)
- •Some and Any Use of some and any
- •Study the following tables:
- •The rules of some and many: some:
- •Exception:
- •Something, anything, somewhere, anywhere, someone ,anyone:
- •Form of the passive voice:
- •Examples of the passive voice:
- •Passive voice sentences with two Objects:
- •B. Reporting Questions
- •C. Reporting requests / commands
- •D. Other transformations
- •Main clauses connected with and/but
- •Parts of Speech Parts of Speech
- •A list of parts of speech
- •Examples of parts of speech
- •Subject What is a subject?
- •Agreement
- •Questions with there
- •Deictic or pronoun?
- •You may also be interested in: Negation in English Negative forms
- •Contracted forms
- •Talking about hobbies
Irregular plurals:
There are several nouns that have irregular plural forms.
Singular |
Plural |
fish |
fish |
sheep |
sheep |
barracks |
barracks |
foot |
feet |
tooth |
teeth |
goose |
geese |
tooth |
teeth |
goose |
geese |
child |
children |
man |
men |
woman |
women |
person |
people |
mouse |
mice |
Plurals formed in this way are sometimes called irregular plurals or mutated (or mutating) plurals.
more than one child = children
more than one woman = women
more than one man = men
more than one person = people
more than one goose = geese
more than one mouse = mice
more than one barracks = barracks
more than one deer = deer
Other irregular plural forms include the following:
Some foreign nouns retain their plural. (Note that some of them adapted the s of the English plural form!)
Singular |
Foreign plural |
English plural |
alga |
algae |
|
amoeba |
amoebae |
amoebas |
antenna |
antennae |
antennas |
formula |
formulae |
formulas |
larva |
larvae |
|
nebula |
nebulae |
nebulas |
vertebra |
vertebrae |
|
Nouns ending in us get a, i or the s of the English plural:
Singular |
Foreign plural |
English plural |
corpus |
corpora |
|
genus |
genera |
|
alumnus |
alumni |
|
bacillus |
bacilli |
|
cactus |
cacti |
cactuses |
focus |
foci |
|
fungus |
fungi |
funguses |
nucleus |
nuclei |
|
octopus |
octopi |
octopuses |
radius |
radii |
|
stimulus |
stimuli |
|
syllabus |
syllabi |
syllabuses |
terminus |
termini |
|
Nouns ending in um get a, i or the s of the English plural:
Singular |
Foreign plural |
English plural |
addendum |
addenda |
|
bacterium |
bacteria |
|
curriculum |
curricula |
curriculums |
datum |
data |
|
erratum |
errata |
|
medium |
media |
|
memorandum |
memoranda |
memorandums |
ovum |
ova |
|
stratum |
strata |
|
symposium |
symposia |
symposiums |
Nouns ending in ex or ix get ices or get the s of the English plural:
Singular |
Foreign plural |
English plural |
apex |
apices |
apexes |
appendix |
appendices |
appendixes |
cervix |
cervices |
cervixes |
index |
indices |
indexes |
matrix |
matrices |
matrixes |
vortex |
vortices |
|
Nouns ending in is becoming es in plural:
Singular |
Plural form |
analysis |
analyses |
axis |
axes |
basis |
bases |
crisis |
crises |
diagnosis |
diagnoses |
emphasis |
emphases |
hypothesis |
hypotheses |
neurosis |
neuroses |
oasis |
oases |
parenthesis |
parentheses |
synopsis |
synopses |
thesis |
theses |
Nouns ending in -on becoming -a:
singular |
plural |
criterion |
criteria |
phenomenon |
phenomena |
automaton |
automata |
Nouns that are always singular:
A handful of nouns appear to be plural in form but take a singular verb:
The news is bad.
Gymnastics is fun to watch.
Economics/mathematics/statistics is said to be difficult.
Some nouns never take the s of the plural and are always singular:
your luggage / baggage is so heavy
I'd like to buy new furniture for the house
you can find more information in our website.
Exercise on plurals.