
- •Plurals
- •Irregular plurals:
- •Countable and uncountable nouns
- •Much, many and a lot.
- •In the interrogative forms we use:
- •In the negative forms we use:
- •In the affirmative forms:
- •A little or a few, little or few
- •Definite and indefinite articles
- •Adjectives What are adjectives?
- •Adjectives versus adverbs
- •Comparatives and superlatives
- •Other noun modifiers
- •You may also be interested in
- •Comparatives and Superlatives
- •Irregular comparatives and superlatives
- •Adverbs
- •1. Regular adverbs:
- •2. Exceptions:
- •3. Things to remember:
- •Position of Adverbs
- •1. Adverb of Manner
- •2. Adverbs of Place
- •3. Adverbs of Time
- •4. Adverbs of Frequency
- •Adverbs of Frequency
- •Cumulative and Coordinate Adjectives
- •Quantifiers
- •Numbers and Numerals Числа и числительные
- •Functions of numerals Функции числительных
- •Note: Примечание:
- •Numerals: BrE and AmE Числительные: BrE и AmE
- •Digits, figures, numerals, numbers Цифры, числительные, числа
- •Cardinal numerals Количественные числительные
- •Examples of spelling Примеры написания
- •Examples in sentences Примеры в предложениях
- •Note: Multiples of one hundred Примечание: Числа, кратные ста
- •Examples in sentences Примеры в предложениях
- •Difficult spellings Трудные случаи написания
- •Fractions Дроби
- •Examples of spelling Примеры написания
- •Examples of spelling and pronunciation Примеры написания и произношения
- •Examples in sentences Примеры в предложениях
- •Singular or plural verb Глагол в ед. Или мн. Числе
- •Hundred, thousand, million Сто, тысяча, миллион
- •Note: Billion and milliard Примечание: Billion и milliard
- •Pronouns
- •Subject Pronouns
- •Object Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronouns
- •I look at myself in the mirror.
- •Possessive Adjectives
- •Demonstratives - This, that, these, those
- •Relative Pronouns What are relative pronouns?
- •Relative pronouns
- •The English Verb
- •Verbs in English
- •Inflections
- •Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
- •Intransitive verbs
- •Finite Verbs What is a finite verb?
- •Examples
- •What is a non-finite verb?
- •Examples
- •Auxiliary verbs What are auxiliary verbs?
- •List of auxiliary verbs
- •Auxiliary verb or full verb?
- •Related material:
- •Linking verbs What are linking verbs?
- •List of linking verbs
- •Linking verb?
- •Related material: Stative and Dynamic / Action Verbs
- •Causative Verbs
- •Contraction
- •Clipping
- •Blending What are blends?
- •Demonstratives - This, that, these, those What are demonstratives?
- •Demonstrative pronouns vs demonstrative adjectives
- •Use of demonstratives
- •H questions (Question Words) Types of questions
- •Question words
- •Asking questions
- •Tag Questions Definition
- •Examples Statements
- •Possessives
- •Quantifiers What are quantifiers?
- •The full infinitive
- •Gerund or Infinitive Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund:
- •Verbs that can be followed by a gerund (ex: doing)
- •Verbs that can be followed by an infinitive ( ex : to do)
- •Some and Any Use of some and any
- •Study the following tables:
- •The rules of some and many: some:
- •Exception:
- •Something, anything, somewhere, anywhere, someone ,anyone:
- •Form of the passive voice:
- •Examples of the passive voice:
- •Passive voice sentences with two Objects:
- •B. Reporting Questions
- •C. Reporting requests / commands
- •D. Other transformations
- •Main clauses connected with and/but
- •Parts of Speech Parts of Speech
- •A list of parts of speech
- •Examples of parts of speech
- •Subject What is a subject?
- •Agreement
- •Questions with there
- •Deictic or pronoun?
- •You may also be interested in: Negation in English Negative forms
- •Contracted forms
- •Talking about hobbies
Difficult spellings Трудные случаи написания
Pay attention to the differences in the spelling and pronunciation of the following cardinal and ordinal numerals.
Обратите внимание на различия в написании и произношении следующих количественных и порядковых числительных.
two, twelve, twenty, twenty-two – second, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-second;
два, двенадцать, двадцать, двадцать два – второй, двенадцатый, двадцатый, двадцать второй;
three, thirteen, thirty, thirty-three – third, thirteenth, thirtieth, thirty-third;
три, тринадцать, тридцать, тридцать три – третий, тринадцатый, тридцатый, тридцать третий;
four, fourteen, forty, forty-four – fourth, fourteenth, fortieth, forty-fourth;
четыре, четырнадцать, сорок, сорок четыре – четвёртый, четырнадцатый, сороковой, сорок четвёртый;
five, fifteen, fifty, fifty-five – fifth, fifteenth, fiftieth, fifty-fifth;
пять, пятнадцать, пятьдесят, пятьдесят пять – пятый, пятнадцатый, пятидесятый, пятьдесят пятый;
eight, eighteen, eighty, eighty-eight – eighth, eighteenth, eightieth, eighty-eighth;
восемь, восемнадцать, восемьдесят, восемьдесят восемь – восьмой, восемнадцатый, восьмидесятый, восемьдесят восьмой;
nine, nineteen, ninety, ninety-nine – ninth, nineteenth, ninetieth, ninety-ninth;
девять, девятнадцать, девяносто, девяносто девять – девятый, девятнадцатый, девяностый, девяносто девятый;
Note the pronunciation of "five, fifth" and "nine, ninth": five [faiv] – fifth [fifθ]; nine [nain] – ninth [nainθ].
Обратите внимание на произношение "five, fifth" и "nine, ninth": five [faiv] – fifth [fifθ]; nine [nain] – ninth [nainθ].
Numerals like "eighteen" have two stresses: sixteen ['siks'ti:n]; eighteen ['ei'ti:n]. Depending on the position of the numeral in the sentence, primary stress may fall on the first or on the last syllable. For example:
Числительные типа "eighteen" имеют два ударения: sixteen ['siks'ti:n]; eighteen ['ei'ti:n]. В зависимости от положения числительного в предложении главное ударение может падать на первый или на последний слог. Например:
He has SIXteen BOOKS. How many? – SixTEEN.
У него есть шестнадцать книг. Сколько? – Шестнадцать.
Numerals like "eighty" have one stress on the first syllable: twenty ['twenti]; sixty ['siksti]; eighty ['eiti].
Числительные типа "eighty" имеют одно ударение на первом слоге: twenty ['twenti]; sixty ['siksti]; eighty ['eiti].
Note the pronunciation of ordinal numerals like "twentieth": twentieth ['twentiiθ]; fortieth ['fo:rtiiθ]; fiftieth ['fiftiiθ]; seventieth ['seventiiθ]; ninetieth ['naintiiθ].
Обратите внимание на произношение порядковых числительных типа "twentieth" (двадцатый): twentieth ['twentiiθ]; fortieth ['fo:rtiiθ]; fiftieth ['fiftiiθ]; seventieth ['seventiiθ]; ninetieth ['naintiiθ].
Fractions Дроби
The numerator of the fraction is expressed by a cardinal numeral, and the denominator is expressed by an ordinal numeral. The suffixes "rd, th, ths" are not written in the denominator of the fractions written in figures (1/3; 1/5; 3/7), but such fractions are pronounced in the same way as fractions written in words (one-third; one-fifth; three-sevenths).
Числитель дроби выражается количественным числительным, а знаменатель выражается порядковым числительным. Суффиксы "rd, th, ths" не пишутся в знаменателе дробей, написанных цифрами (1/3; 1/5; 3/7), но такие дроби произносятся так же, как и дроби, написанные словами (one-third; one-fifth; three-sevenths).
Common fractions are usually written out in words. Mixed numbers may be written out in words if short but are often written in figures.
Простые дроби обычно пишутся словами. Смешанные числа могут писаться словами, если короткие, но часто пишутся цифрами.
Fractions are generally hyphenated, except in those cases where the numerator or the denominator is already hyphenated: "one-fifth" but "one twenty-fifth".
Дроби обычно пишутся через дефис, кроме тех случаев, где числитель или знаменатель уже имеет свой дефис: "one-fifth", но "one twenty-fifth".
Some manuals of style recommend writing without a hyphen fractions in the meaning of nouns: a half / one half; one third; two thirds; three fourths / three quarters; four fifths.
Некоторые справочники по стилю рекомендуют писать без дефиса дроби в значении существительных: a half / one half; one third; two thirds; three fourths / three quarters; four fifths.