1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. device a. электродвижущая сила

2. reverse b. двигатель

3. engine c. медная проволока

4. moving coil d. щетки

5. copper wire e. внешняя рама

6. armature f. сердечник якоря

7. electromotive force g. обратный, противоположный

8. to rectify h. обмотка

9. the same polarity i. прибор, устройство

10. winding j. подвижная катушка

11. drum k. барабан

12. armature core l. подшипники

13. outer frame m. одинаковая полярность

14. bearings n. выпрямлять (ток)

15. brushes о. якорь, арматура

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

generator, mechanical energy, electric energy, transform, turbine, electromagnets, armature, commutator, electrolytic process, special, automobile, communication system, manufacturing process.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Electric Generators and Motors

1) A device for converting mechanical energy into electric energy is called a generator. The function of a motor is just the reverse, that is, it transforms electric energy into mechanical energy. The enormous energy of steam engines, gas engines, and water turbines can now be transformed into electricity and transmitted many miles.

2) The essential parts of a generator are: a) the magnetic field, which is produced by permanent magnets or electromagnets; b) a moving coil of copper wire, called the armature, wound on a drum.

3) The main difference between a d.c. generator and a. c. generator is that the former has a commutator by means of which the generated electromotive force (EMF) is made continuous, i.e., the commutator mechanically rectifies the alternating electromotive force so that it is always of the same polarity.

4) A d. c. generator as well as a motor of conventional type is made up of the following parts: outer frame, or yoke, pole cores, pole coils, armature core, armature windings, commutator, brushes, and bearings.

5) D.c. generators are used for electrolytic processes such as electroplating. Large d. c. generators are employed in certain manufacturing processes, such as steel making.

6) The d.c. generator of small capacities is used for various special purposes such as arc welding, automobile generators, train lighting systems, etc. It also finds rather extensive use in connection with communication systems.