8 Ophthalmology

1.Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye.

2. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems.

3.Although blinding eye diseases may occur in any age, they are much more common after 40.

4.ophthalmologists who examine individuals use of the ophthalmoscope, which will often uncover evidence of such conditions as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, nephritis, and the leukemias.

6.One of the most common eye diseases is glaucoma.

7.Chronic simple glaucoma develops gradually, so insidiously that the individual may lose the considerable amount of peripheral vision before he develops symptoms: headaches or eye pain in dim light, in the evening, looking a TV, at the movies or at other times when illumination is reduced

8.If glaucoma is recognized and treated properly in early stages the patient has an excellent chance of preserving useful vision, although he will require observation and treatment for the rest of his life.

9.There is much that the ophthalmologist can do

1) ask patient about the occurrence of occasional blurring

2)ask if there is a case of glaucoma in the family;

3) measure acuity of vision.

4) note size of pupils and their reaction to light.

5) examine each eye with ophthalmoscope to see if optic disks appear pale or cupped;

6) check ocular tension and test visual fields.

Nowadays both laser and conventional surgeries are performed to treat glaucoma.

9 Oncology

1. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with tumors.

2. The specialist of oncology is called oncologist.

3. Oncology is concerned with the diagnosis of any cancer in a person,treatment, palliative care of patients with terminal malignancy.

4. Symptoms of cancer are specific: Fatigue, weight loss, unexplained anemia,fever of unknown origin and other signs.

5. Diagnostic methods include: biopsy, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, X-rays, CT scanning, MRI scanning, Ultrasound , blood test with tumor markers.

6. Oncologists can specialize in medical, surgical, radiation, or pediatric.

7. Medical oncologists specialize in medical treatments: chemotherapy, analgesics and hormones.

8. Surgical oncologists specialize mostly in breast cancer, endocrine and melanoma tumors.

9. It is required special training.

10. A radiation oncologists specialize in treating cancer using radiation therapies.(electron and gamma ray equipment)

11. Pediatric oncologists specialize in training cancer in children.

12. This job is one of the most challenging roles cause many cancers still have a high mortality rate.

Онкология

1.\u0009Онкология - ветвь медицины, которая имеет дело с опухолями.

2.\u0009Специалист онкологии - называемый онколог.

3.\u0009Онкология озабочена диагнозом любого рака у особы, лечения, паллиативный уход за больными терминальной пагубностью.

4.\u0009Симптомы рака специфические: Усталость, потеря веса, необъяснимая анемия, лихорадка неизвестного происхождения и других знаков.

5.\u0009Диагностические методы включают: биопсия, эндоскопия, бронхоскопия, Рентгены, просмотр CT, MRI, сканирующий, Ультразвуковой, анализ крови с маркерами опухоли.

6.\u0009Онкологи могут специализироваться в медицинском, хирургическом, лучевом, или педиатрический.

7.\u0009Медицинские онкологи специализируются в медицинских лечениях: химиотерапия, болеутоляющие средства и гормоны.

8.\u0009Хирургические онкологи специализируются по большей части в раке груди, эндокринный и опухоли меланомы.

9.\u0009Это - требуемое специальное обучение.

10.\u0009Онкологи радиации специализируются в лечащем раке, пользуясь радиационными терапиями.(электрон и оборудование луча гаммы)

11.\u0009Педиатрические онкологи специализируются в учебном раке у детей.

12.\u0009Эта работа - одна из больше всего многообещающих ролей вызывают много раков все еще имеют высокую норму смертности.