
- •Foreword
- •Preface the purpose of this book
- •Intended audience
- •Book organization
- •About b2t training
- •Chapter 1: Possess a Clear Understanding of Business Analysis overview
- •What is business analysis?
- •Business Analysis vs. Software Development
- •The Role of the Business Analyst
- •Business Analyst Traits
- •History of Business Analysis
- •Where Do Business Analysts Come From?
- •From it
- •Case in Point
- •From Business
- •Case in Point
- •Where Do Business Analysts Report?
- •Who makes a great business analyst?
- •Case in Point
- •Business Analyst Suitability (- відповідність) Questionnaire
- •Suitability Questionnaire
- •Answers
- •Business Analyst Career Progression
- •Key business analysis terms/concepts
- •What Is a Requirement?
- •Iiba Business Analysis Body of Knowledge® (babok®) definition of requirement:
- •Core Requirements Components
- •Why Document Requirements?
- •Why Do Requirements Need to Be Detailed?
- •High-Level Requirements Are Interpreted Differently
- •Many Analysts Only Use Text to Document Requirements
- •Complex Business Rules Must Be Found
- •Requirements Must Be Translated
- •Case in Point
- •What Is a Project?
- •What Is a Product?
- •What Is a Solution?
- •Case in Point
- •What Is a Deliverable?
- •System vs. Software
- •It Depends
- •Business analysis certification
- •Iiba babok®
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
- •Chapter 2: Know Your Audience overview
- •Establish trust with your stakeholders
- •With whom does the business analyst work?
- •Executive or Project Sponsor
- •Case in Point: Giving the Sponsor Bad News
- •Project Manager
- •Why Does a Project Need a Project Manager and a Business Analyst?
- •Project Manager and Business Analyst Skills Comparison
- •Tips for Those Performing Both Roles
- •Other Business Analysis Professionals
- •Subject Matter Experts and Users
- •Getting to Know Your Subject Matter Experts
- •A Manager Who Does Not Understand His or Her Employees’ Work
- •When the Expert Is Not Really an Expert
- •When the Expert Is Truly an Expert
- •The Expert Who Is Reluctant to Talk
- •The Expert Who Is Angry about Previous Project Failures
- •The Expert Who Hates His or Her Job
- •Quality Assurance Analyst
- •When “qa” Is a Bad Word in Your Organization
- •Usability Professional
- •It Architect
- •Case in Point
- •It Developer
- •Case in Point
- •The Developer Who Is Very Creative
- •The Developer Who Codes Exactly to Specs
- •The Developer’s Industry Knowledge
- •Data Administrator/Architect/Analyst
- •Database Designer/Administrator
- •Stakeholder Analysis
- •Balancing stakeholder needs
- •Case in Point
- •Understanding the Political Environment
- •Working with dispersed teams
- •Physical Distance
- •Time Zone Differences
- •Nationality/Cultural Differences
- •Language Differences
- •Using Team Collaboration Tools
- •Using a Shared Presentation
- •Sharing a Document
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
- •Chapter 3: Know Your Project
- •Why has the organization decided to fund this project?
- •Business Case Development
- •Case in Point
- •Project Initiated Because of a Problem
- •Case in Point
- •Project Initiated to Eliminate Costs (Jobs)
- •Project Initiated by Outside Regulation
- •Project Initiated by an Opportunity
- •Projects for Marketing or Advertising
- •Case in Point
- •Projects to Align Business Processes
- •Strategic planning
- •Portfolio and Program Management
- •How Does Your Project Relate to Others?
- •Enterprise Architecture
- •Business Architecture
- •The Organizational Chart
- •Locations
- •Swot (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
- •Products
- •Information Architecture
- •Application Architecture
- •Technology Architecture
- •Case in Point
- •Security Architecture
- •Communicating Strategic Plans
- •Project Identification
- •Project initiation
- •Naming the Project
- •Initiation
- •Approach or Methodology
- •Statement of Purpose
- •Objectives
- •Problems/Opportunities
- •Stakeholders
- •Business Risks
- •Items Out of Scope
- •Assumptions
- •Scope of the Business Area
- •Scoping the Analysis Area Using a Context-Level Data Flow Diagram
- •Area of Study
- •High-Level Business Processes
- •Scoping the Analysis Area Using a Use Case Diagram
- •Project Initiation Summary Revisit Scope Frequently
- •Scope Creep
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
- •Chapter 4: Know Your Business Environment overview
- •Case in Point
- •How does a business analyst learn about the enterprise?
- •Read the Company’s Marketing Materials
- •Read the Company’s Financial Reports
- •Review the Corporate Strategic Plan
- •Seeing things from the business perspective
- •Case in Point
- •Prioritizing Requests
- •Case in Point
- •How a business analyst learns the business: elicitation techniques
- •Review Existing Documentation
- •Case in Point
- •Observation
- •Case in Point
- •Case in Point
- •Interviews
- •Surveys and Questionnaires
- •Facilitated Sessions
- •Why Use a Facilitated Session?
- •Challenges for the Business Analyst as the Facilitator
- •Focus Groups
- •Competitive Analysis
- •Interface Analysis
- •Learn the current (as is) system
- •Case in Point
- •What is a business process?
- •Essential Analysis
- •Perfect Technology
- •No Storage Limitations or Constraints
- •Case in Point
- •Completely Error-Free Processing
- •Case in Point
- •No Performance Limitations
- •Technology Is Available at No Cost
- •Case in Point
- •Summary of Perfect Technology
- •Essential Business Processes
- •Case in Point
- •What Is the Difference between a Process and a Use Case?
- •Describing a Process
- •Seeing Things from the Top and from the Bottom
- •Implementation Planning
- •Training
- •Rollout Plan
- •Schedule
- •Metrics
- •Procedures/Organizational Changes
- •Summary of tips for learning your business
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
- •Chapter 5: Know Your Technical Environment overview
- •Case in Point
- •Why does a business analyst need to understand the technical environment?
- •Understand Technology, But Don’t Talk Like a Technologist
- •Case in Point
- •What does a business analyst need to know about technology?
- •Software Development/Programming Terminology
- •Does a Business Analyst Need to Know How to Develop Software?
- •Software Development Methodologies
- •Methodology/Software Development Life Cycle
- •Waterfall
- •Planning Phase
- •Analysis Phase
- •Design Phase
- •Construction Phase
- •Testing Phase
- •Information Engineering
- •Joint Application Development/Design
- •Rapid Application Development
- •Iterative/Incremental Development Approaches
- •Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
- •Rational Unified Process
- •Agile Development Approaches
- •An Organization’s Formal Methodology
- •Why Don’t Most Methodologies Detail the Business Analysis Approach?
- •An Organization’s Informal Standards
- •Technical Architecture
- •Operating Systems
- •Case in Point
- •Computer Networking
- •Data Management
- •Relational Database
- •Structured Query Language
- •Software Usability/Human Interface Design
- •Software Testing
- •Case in Point
- •Software Testing Phases
- •Unit Testing
- •Integration Testing
- •System Testing
- •Regression Testing
- •Case in Point
- •User Acceptance Testing
- •Post-Implementation User Assessment
- •Working with it Communicating with Developers
- •When to Get it Involved in a Project
- •It Corporate Culture
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
- •Chapter 6: Know Your Analysis Techniques overview
- •Case in Point
- •Categorizing and presenting requirements Collecting and Managing Requirements
- •What Is a Requirement?
- •Categorizing Requirements
- •Case in Point
- •Why Categorize Requirements?
- •Developing a System for Organizing Requirements
- •Iiba babok Categories
- •A Recommended Categorization System
- •Business Requirements
- •Functional Requirements
- •Technical Requirements
- •Core requirements components
- •Overview of Core Requirements Components Data (Entities and Attributes)
- •Processes (Use Cases)
- •External Agents (Actors)
- •Business Rules
- •Case in Point
- •Core Requirements Component: Entities (Data)
- •Core Requirements Component: Attributes (Data)
- •Attribute Uniqueness
- •Mandatory or Optional
- •Attribute Repetitions
- •Core Requirements Component: Processes (Use Cases)
- •Core Requirements Component: External Agents (Actors)
- •Internal vs. External
- •Core Requirements Component: Business Rules
- •Finding Business Rules
- •Analysis techniques and presentation formats
- •Glossary
- •Workflow Diagrams
- •Why Use Workflow Diagrams?
- •Entity Relationship Diagramming
- •Why Build a Logical Data Model?
- •Business Process Modeling with the Decomposition Diagram
- •Why Build a Decomposition Diagram?
- •Use Case Diagram
- •Use Case Descriptions
- •Why Use Use Cases?
- •Case in Point
- •Prototypes/Simulations
- •Why Use Prototypes/Simulations?
- •Other Techniques Event Modeling
- •Entity State Transition/uml State Machine Diagrams
- •Object Modeling/Class Modeling
- •User Stories
- •Traceability Matrices
- •Gap Analysis
- •Data Flow Diagramming
- •Choosing the Appropriate Techniques
- •Using Text to Present Requirements
- •Using Graphics to Present Requirements
- •Using a Combination of Text and Graphics
- •Choosing an Approach
- •Case in Point
- •Business Analyst Preferences
- •Case in Point
- •Subject Matter Expert Preferences
- •Case in Point
- •Developer Preferences
- •Project Manager Preferences
- •Standards
- •Case in Point
- •As is vs. To be analysis
- •Packaging requirements How Formally Should Requirements Be Documented?
- •What Is a Requirements Package?
- •Case in Point
- •Request for Proposal Requirements Package
- •Characteristics of Excellent Requirements
- •Getting Sign-Off
- •Requirements Tools, Repositories, and Management
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
- •Chapter 7: Increase Your Value overview
- •Build your foundation Skill: Get Started
- •Skill: Think Analytically
- •Skill: Note Taking
- •Technique: Brainstorming
- •Skill: Work with Complex Details
- •Case in Point
- •How Much Detail? Just Enough!
- •Case in Point
- •Time management Skill: Understand the Nature of Project Work
- •Skill: Work on the Most Important Work First (Prioritize)
- •Case in Point
- •Technique: Understand the 80-20 Rule
- •Technique: Timeboxing
- •Build your relationships and communication skills Skill: Build Strong Relationships
- •Skill: Ask the Right Questions
- •Case in Point
- •Skill: Listen Actively
- •Barriers to Listening
- •Listening for Requirements
- •Skill: Write Effectively
- •Case in Point
- •Skill: Make Excellent Presentations
- •Skill: Facilitate and Build Consensus
- •Skill: Conduct Effective Meetings
- •Prepare for the Meeting/Select Appropriate Attendees
- •Meeting Agenda
- •Conducting the Meeting
- •Tips for Conducting Successful Meetings
- •Follow-Up/Meeting Minutes
- •Skill: Conduct Requirements Reviews
- •How to Conduct a Review
- •Step 1. Decide on the Purpose of the Review
- •Step 2. Schedule Time with Participants
- •Steps 3 and 4. Distribute Review Materials and Have Participants Review Materials Prior to the Session
- •Case in Point
- •Step 5. Conduct the Review Session
- •Steps 6 and 7. Record Review Notes and Update Material
- •Step 8. Conduct a Second Review If Necessary
- •Typical Requirements Feedback Corrections
- •Missing Requirements
- •Unclear Sentences
- •Scope Creep
- •Keep learning new analysis techniques Technique: Avoid Analysis Paralysis!
- •Technique: Root Cause Analysis
- •The Five Whys
- •Case in Point
- •Skill: Intelligent Disobedience
- •Continually improve your skills
- •Skill: Make Recommendations for Solutions
- •Understand the Problem
- •Imagine Possible Solutions
- •Case in Point
- •Evaluate Solutions to Select the Best
- •Skill: Be Able to Accept Constructive Criticism
- •Case in Point
- •Skill: Recognize and Act on Your Weaknesses
- •Technique: Lessons Learned
- •Business analysis planning
- •Technique: Map the Project
- •Examples of Mapped Projects
- •Skill: Plan Your Work
- •Technique: Assess Business Impact
- •Case in Point
- •Factors That Determine Business Impact
- •Case in Point
- •Technique: Conduct Stakeholder Analysis
- •Technique: Plan Your Communications
- •Skill: Choose Appropriate Requirements Deliverables
- •Skill: Develop a Business Analysis Task List
- •Skill: Estimate Your Time
- •Summary of key points
- •Bibliography
Business analysis certification
There are currently three types of certification programs for BAs: certificate programs, certification programs, and the IIBA certification program. Each program recognizes business analysis competency in a different way. A certificate program acknowledges that an individual has completed a course of study. A certification program proves that an individual has satisfactorily completed an approved curriculum and demonstrated the ability to perform the tasks required (a certification program also usually requires work experience). The IIBA is the industry organization that has defined the body of knowledge for the business analysis profession, BABOK. The IIBA’s certification is an exam that measures knowledge of the BABOK and would be extremely difficult to pass without business analysis experience. In order to sit for the exam, you must have a minimum of five years of experience. The certification is called CBAP® (Certified Business Analysis Professional™).
So which one do you need or which one is going to benefit you the most? It depends on why you want the certification and what you are going to do with it. Proof that you have attended business analysis training and/or have knowledge of the BABOK shows that you are aware of industry terminology and techniques. It will always be considered positively by employers and will make your transition into new environments easier. From an employer’s perspective, evidence that a BA possesses not only business analysis knowledge but also the ability to apply that knowledge in a day-to-day, real-world business analysis environment is invaluable. Consider your current situation and where you want to be in three or five years when making this decision. BAs may choose to earn multiple levels of recognition based on their personal needs.
Employers are looking for a certification for BAs because the profession is very young and the role is not universally understood. Many organizations use the title differently or combine the role with project management or quality assurance. Hiring managers are looking for help in discerning the tasks typically performed by BAs, and since managers often do not have personal experience performing these tasks, they need help evaluating a candidate’s capability. Tasks such as requirements elicitation, business process modeling/analysis, and documenting business data requirements are key skills for a successful BA.
Iiba babok®
The IIBA BABOK is a compilation of the currently accepted practices of business analysis professionals written and reviewed by expert BAs. The BABOK has been released in versions (current version 2.0) and will continue to evolve with the profession. It is divided into knowledge areas, tasks, and techniques. Each task and technique is defined and explained briefly. The purpose of the BABOK is to provide guidance and references for business analysis professionals. It is not a learning tool.
The goal of the IIBA is that eventually the BABOK will become the best practice standard for the profession. This may take 5 to 10 years of reviews and revisions. The BABOK is the basis for the IIBA professional certification CBAP.
This book addresses the knowledge areas of the BABOK from a different perspective. Its goal is to help business analysis professionals learn and hone their skills, working toward mastery. The book is structured to best communicate and teach business analysis concepts. These concepts are best learned by combining topics from several knowledge areas. The recommendations are all in line with the BABOK and will assist individuals preparing for the CBAP certification.
Table 1.3 shows which chapters of this book address each of the knowledge areas. The knowledge areas were designed to best communicate the complexity of the business analysis body of knowledge. This book includes Knowledge Area Keys called “BABOK Connections” that map BABOK competencies to tasks or techniques that the BA can utilize to satisfy these competencies. Figure 1.5 provides an example.
Table 1.3: BABOK Knowledge Areas and Chapter References |
||||||
|
Chapter |
|||||
BABOK Knowledge Areas V2.0 |
2 Know Your Audience |
3 Know Your Project |
4 Know Your Business Environment |
5 Know Your Technical Environment |
6 Know Your Analysis Techniques |
7 Increase Your Value |
Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring |
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
Enterprise Analysis |
|
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
Elicitation |
|
|
X |
|
X |
X |
Requirements Analysis |
|
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
Requirements Management and Communication |
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
Solution Assessment and Validation |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Underlying Competencies |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |