6. Parts of the sentence. The simple sentence in Eng.&Ukrainian.

The subject & the predicate are regarded as the primary parts of the sentence, object & the adverbial modifier – secondary parts of the sentence.

The subject – is the independent member of 2-member predication, containing the person component of predicativity. It is a word denoting the thing we speak about.

The predicate – is a member of predication containing the mood and the tense components of predicativity.

In simple sentence the subject can be expressed by the noun, pronoun, cardinal numerals or other parts of speech which should be substantivized. There are subjectless sentences which are practically not used in English. The formal subject exists alongside with the notional one in E. The formal subject is expressed by the word deprived of the lexical mean & is necessary to complete the sentence from the structural point of view.

Notional subject expresses certain object & is used in personal sentences.

In U. subjectless sentences are widely used.The subject is often missing in negative sentences.(Тут немає стола)

In E. the formal subject is usually expressed by pronoun”it” which is used with a group of predicate. There are such types:-simple or compound predicate which point out the natural phenomena; - with compound predicate which has modal or evaluative meaning(It was difficult); - with compound predicate pointing the time or space; - simple predicate expressed by the passive form of the verb(It is said, it is believed)

In E. the role of subject can be performed by non-verbal part of speech(gerund) (Smoking is bad for health)