3. Types of syntactic structures and types of sentences in e & Ukr.

Sentences with 1 predication are called simple. Those with 2 or more predications are called composite. In composite sentences each predication together with the words attached is called a clause.

Composite sentences with coordinated clauses are compound sentences (the weather is fine and I’m glad).

Composite sentences with subordinated clauses are complex sentences (if she let him go, he will be happy).

A simple sentence with some words besides the predication is called extended. An unextended sentence contains no other parts but the subject & object.

The sentence with full predication, containing both the subject & the predicate, is called a 2-member sentence. All other types are usually called 1-member sentences.

4. Contrastive analysis of Eng.&Ukrainian verb. Tense and Mood.

1. lexico-grammatical meaning: action or process

2. typical stem-building elements: re-, under-, sub-, mis-, un-, -ire, -en, -ify.

3. grammatical categories: person, number, voice(state), aspect, tense, mood.

4. combinability: noun, adverb, pronoun.

5. typical syntactic function: predicate.

The category of tense.

The category of tense expresses the relation of the action or state to the moment of speaking. Ukr: present (роблю), future (робитиму, буду робити), past (робив) and pluperfect (давноминулий: був робив). Eng: present, past, future. Each tense has common and continuous aspects.

1. Present tense: Ukr verbs are subdivided into two conjugations (дієвідміни): 1) 3rd person plural have endings -уть (‑ють): везуть, читають; 2) 3rd person plural – -ать (-ять): лежать, стоять.

Eng: 4 present tenses. Present Indefinite,. P. Continuous, P. Perfect , P. Perf.-Cont.

2. The Past tense: Ukr: the past and pluperfect tense. In Eng: 2 aspect forms of the past tense: Past Ind., Past Cont., Past Perfect, Past Perf.-Cont

3. Future tense: Ukr: verbs of the perfective aspect form the future tense with the help of personal endings of present tense (прочитаю, напишеш); verbs of the imperfective aspect: 1) analytical (буду писати); 2) synthetic form (писатиму).

Eng: f. Ind, f. Cont., f. Perf., Future-in-the-past tense .

The category of mood.

The category of mood reveals the relation of the denoted action to reality. There are: indicative (дійсний), imperative (наказовий), and conditional (умовний).

Indicative mood denotes the action or the state that corresponds to the actual reality. It is expressed by the forms of present, past and future tenses.

The imperative mood renders the order, wish, demand or other types of inducement (спонукання) to perform some action. In Ukr.:

1. For the second person singular with the ending –и (пиши)

2. For the 1^st person plural with the ending –імо (несімо), -мо (читаємо)

3. For the second person plural by the way of adding the endings –іть (несіть), -те (читайте)

In Eng the system is much simpler: 2 person s & p – only one form is used: the infinitive without "to" (Go / Take). 1 & 3 person s & p: analytically with the help of the verb "let" (Let me/us do it).

The conditional mood denotes the action which is not revealed in reality and is only desirable or possible under certain circumstances. Ukr: formed analytically by the way of adding the particle би to the form of the past tense (читав би, погуляти б)

Eng: The conditional mood is closely connected with the structure of the complex sentence. Are formed with the help of should/would.