4. Are rights of aliens regulated in Ukraine?

The law on the notary activities has a special section regulating notary services for aliens. In all cases they enjoy equal rights with Ukrainian citizens.

V. Legal Profession: Advocate.

1. Who may become an advocate in Ukraine? According to the Law, a citizen of Ukraine, who has higher legal education, professional experience in the field of the legal profession for not less than two year, who has passed qualification exams, who has got a certificate, giving the right to operate a advocate and who has taken the oath, may become an advocate.

2)What are professional rights of the advocate? The advocate has the right to represent the rights and interests of citizens and artificial persons according to their letters of attorney In all bodies, institutions and organizations; to collect information about the facts, which may be used as evidence in civil, economic, criminal and administrative cases.

3) What are the rights of the advocate in the trial? He participates in questioning the defendant and the witnesses and submits evidence and at the end of the hearing of the trial he pronounces his speech for the defense.The advocate is entitle to appeal against the court judgment in a higher court to participated personally in its hearing and to lodge appeals for handling the case by Judicial supervision. The advocates take an active part in legal proceedings on housing, labour, property and other disputes, representing the interests of clients.

VI. Law system in Ukraine.

1. What is law?Law is a system of rules established by the state.

2. What is the main aim of law?

The main aim of law is to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system and its economic foundation.

3. What’s the difference between private (or civil) law and public law?

Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.

4) What categories of law does the system of law in Ukraine consist of?

The system of law in this country consists of different categories of law: Constitutional law, Administrative law, International law, Civil law, Financial law, Labour law and others.

5) What is the principal source of Constitutional law?

Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.

6) What category of law is closely connected with Constitutional law?

Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of a government and ministries.

7) What does Criminal law define?

Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals.

8) What kind of relations does International law regulate?

International law regulates relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.

9) What does Financial law regulate?

Financial law regulates the budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity.

10) What is Civil law connected with?

Civil law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right to property is the central institution of civil law.

11) What rules does Labour law include?

The rules of Labour law include the legislation on the employment of industrial and office workers and regulate matters arising from employment relations.

VII. Civil procedure in the USA.

To begin a case the plaintiff should file a written statement of his complaint in a court. The complaint should contain: 1) a short and plain statement of the claim which shows that the plaintiff is entitled to relief, and 2) demand for the kind of relief. This “relief” might be payment of a special amount of money or a court order. The defendant should know that he is sued. The court sends him the summons. The summons includes the copy of the complaint and information when and where he should come to court.

There are several kinds of jurisdiction. “Subject matter jurisdiction” is the power of a court to deal with particular kinds of cases. “Monetary jurisdiction” is minimum or maximum dollar limit on civil cases that a particular court can handle. “Territorial jurisdiction” is the geographic extent of a court’s power. The case should be brought in the court that has jurisdiction to hear it.

1. What should the complaint in a civil case contain?

2. What does the summons include?

3. What is subject matter jurisdiction?

4. What is monetary jurisdiction?

5. What is territorial jurisdiction?