12. Methods of teaching vocabulary: a description of a word in English language, context.
Self-defining Context
The context makes the situation clear, and this in turn illuminates the meaning of the new word. This practice saves time and develops an intensive reading habit and better understanding.
Like - verb
Like – as
13. Types of exercises in teaching vocabulary.
Word soup is an exercise when you take a bowl and put here the letters/syllables and PP should make the words. Also you can give a list of “hidden” words on a blackboard.
Word search is an exercise which is directed to elicit the knowledge of studied vocabulary, its writing, memory, critical thinking. It’s a motivating, interesting and colourful.
The learners have to match words/pictures with definitions.
Also
by themes!!!
Fill – In- The – Blank Exercises – the learners have to fill the blanks with necessary words.
Also they can make own pictures on the theme “Toys” can draw their favourite toys etc.
Ответы 3 курс
The importance of grammar in teaching a foreign language
The main aim of a foreign language teaching is the development of speaking skills. No speaking is possible without the knowledge of grammar and its mechanism. That’s why grammar is very important in FLT:
To understand a foreign language
To express oneself correctly, automatically and spontaneously without thinking over grammar rules
To be able to read and write in L2
Student's difficulties in learning English grammar
1. Word order.
In English, word order is more important than in Russian.
Tom gave Helen a rose.
Helen gave Tom a rose.
The meanings of these sentences are different because there is a different word order.
In Russian inflexions are very important.
Том дал Лене розу
Лене дал Том розу
The meanings of these sentences are the same because inflexion “e” in the word Лене indicates the object of the action.
Learners often break the word order so they do a lot of mistakes in expressing their thoughts.
2. Tense system
The English tense system is difficult for learners because of the difference of tense systems in Russian and English.
I have seen him today.
I saw him yesterday.
For learners the action is completed in both sentences. They do not pay attention to the adverbs today and yesterday in the sentences.
3. The sequence of tenses
It is difficult for learners because there is no the sequence of tenses phenomenon in Russian.
She is busy.
She said she was busy.
In the second sentence we change “is” to “was” because of the sequence of tenses.
4. Modal verbs
The use of modal verbs in different types of sentences is very difficult for the learners. Learners often use them with auxiliary verbs.
May I go home? No, you mustn't.
May I take your pen? Yes, you may.
Must I do it? No, you needn't.
I didn’t must do that.
5. Article
Articles are absent in Russian. Learners often don’t use them because they think articles are not important. Teaching English grammar must begin with explanation and practice of articles.
This is a pen. The pen is red. This is my pen and that is his pen.
6. Prepositions
Prepositions in English and Russian don’t often match.
To get about - путешествовать (в русском языке предлог отсутствует), to get at – (достать, добраться до)
7. Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs are absent in Russian. The verbs do and have may be auxiliary and notional at a time.
What do you do at your free time?
What have you had for breakfast today?
8. Verb forms.
There are a lot of verb forms in English that confuse Russian learners
(have - has -had; do –does – did)