Є.О.Мансі, Т. В. Гончарова

TEXTS (13)

RADIO ENGINEERING

and

COMPUTING

TECNIQUE

(Радіотехніка і комп’ютерна

техніка)

Тексти до підручника з англійської мови

для студентів і аспірантів

немовних факультетів

та студентів мовних факультетів,

які вивчають англійську

як другу іноземну мову

у вищих навчальних закладах

Київ

АРІЙ

2009

Рецензенти: кафедра іноземних мов Київського Національного

технічного університету

Редактор В. II. Авдієнко

Мансі Є. О., Гончарова Т. В.

RADIO ENGINEERING and COMPUTING TECNIQUE (Ра­діотехніка і комп’ютерна техніка). Тексти до підручника з англійської мови для студентів і аспірантів немовних фа­культетів та студентів мовних факультетів, які вивчають англійську як другу іноземну мову у вищих навчальних закладах. — К. : Арій, 2008. — 80 с.

ISBN 978-966-498-045-3.

Тексти англійською мовою за фахом «Радіотехніка» і «Комп’ю­терна техніка» дають можливість студентам і аспірантам не тільки збільшити свій лексичний запас з цих спеціальностей, але й підготу­ватися до іспиту з англійської мови.

ISBN 978-966-498-045-3 © Мансі Є.О., Гончарова Т. В., 2008

© «Видавництво “Арій”», 2008

© «Видавництво “Арій”», художнє оформлення, 200

Contents

Radio Engineering

TEXTS (13) 1

(Радіотехніка і комп’ютерна 1

техніка) 1

АРІЙ 1

Radio Engineering 4

Text 1. Electronics 4

Text 2. Electron Emission 4

Text 5. Reception of Radio Signals 7

Text 6. Radio Receivers (I) 8

Text 8. Oscillators 8

Text 11. Detection 9

Text 13. Functions of Vacuum Tubes 10

Text 14. Basic Tube Types 11

Text 22. Bearing 13

Text 23. Transistors, the Basic Mechanism 13

Text 25. Transistor Radio Frequency Amplifiers 15

Text 1. The Computer 15

Text 2. Using the Computer 16

Text 3. Peripheral Equipment 16

Text 4. Computers on Wheels 17

Text 5. Programming a Computer 18

Text 6. The Robot’s Nervous System 19

Text 7. Menu System 19

Text 8. Input, Process, Store, Output 20

Text 10. Memory 22

Text 11. Automatic Translator 23

Text 12. Universal Electronic Computer 23

Text 13. What Is a Digital Computer? 24

Text 14. Digital Computers 24

Text 15. Analog Versus Digital Computers 25

Text 16. Age of Thinking Machines 27

Text 17. General- and Special-Purpose Computers 27

Text 18. Programming 28

Text 19. Types of Instructions 29

Text 20. Simple Hardware, Complicated Logic 30

Text 21. Machine Language and Language Structure 30

Text 23. Mechanical and Electronic Calculating Machines 32

Computing Technique

Text 1. The Computer

Text 2. Using the Computer

Text 3. Peripheral Equipment

Text 4. Computers on Wheels

Text 5. Programming a Computer

Text 6. The Robot’s Nervous System

Text 7. Menu System

Text 8. Input, Process, Store, Output

Text 9. Input-Output System

Text 10. Memory

Text 11. Automatic Translator

Text 12. Universal Electronic Computer

Text 13. What Is a Digital Computer?

Text 14. Digital Computers

Text 15. Analog Versus Digital Computers

Text 16. Age of Thinking Machines

Text 17. General- and Special Purpose Computers

Text 18. Programming

Text 19. Types of Instructions

Text 20. Simple Hardware, Complicated Logic

Text 21. Machine Language and Language Structure

Text 22. Video Terminals

Text 23. Mechanical and Electronic Calculating Machines

Radio Engineering Text 1. Electronics

Electronics is the science of electronic phenomena, devices and systems. It describes and applies the flow of electrons emitted from solids or liquids passing through vacuum, gases or semiconductors. Electronics as a science studies the properties of electrons, the laws of their motion, the laws of the transformation of various kinds of energy through the media of electrons. The basic elements in elec­tronics are the electron tube and the transistor.

Although electronics is properly regarded as only a section of electri­cal technology, electronic techniques are applied in many fields, includ­ing industry, communication, defence and entertaining. Due to its ver­satility it becomes increasingly difficult to draw clear dividing lines between electronics and other branches of electronical technology.

While physical electronics is the science of electronic processes, industrial electronics deals with the technology of design, construc­tion and application of electronic devices. The industrial applications of electronics include control gauging, counting and measuring, speed regulations, and many others.

The invention of electronic device is known to have become a new important phase in the development of electrical engineering. It con­siderably enlarges the application of electrical energy for various industrial purposes. The invention of the vacuum tube made radio­broadcasting possible and later on — telecasting. The researches in the field of electronics gave us radar devices, computers, tape re­corders, betatron and a lot of medical tools. Semiconductor devices which have replaced electron tubes reduce the size of instruments.

A great advance in electronics is considered to be connected with the appearance of the transistor. The use of the transistor is likely to be the first step in miniaturization of electronic devices and has increased the range of their application. The introduction of the transistor in 1948 is supposed to be the beginning of the evolution of microelectronics which led in the late 1970s to the development of large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Now hundreds of circuits can be packed on to one square inch and there seems to be no limit to it. The technology of so-called molecu­lar epitaxy is the best proof of this suggestion.

Electronics is evident to have made a great contribution to auto­mation. It has extended the range of automatic control in large-scale industrial operations and made the processing of information rapid. Electronic computers have provided the basis for the construction of automatic lines, automatic units, shops and whole plants, tools with programmed control, robots and manipulators.

The steering of big ships, jet planes, interplanetary rockets is con­trolled by electronic devices. Radio-electronic systems ensure reliable communication with space stations at distances amounting to scores of millions of kilometres. Hundreds of electronic devices perform various tasks on board every satellite and spaceship. Electronics has penetrat­ed into all the spheres of human activity from household appliances to artificial intelligence and search of outerspace civilizations.

Such advantages of electronic devices as microscopic size, high speed, low cost and reliability are likely to have no competitor. No wonder electronic technology is the most dynamic technology of the present industrial age. Electronics is sure to make still greater progress in the nearest future and help humanity gain new victories in science and engineering.

Notes

device [di'vais]	прилад
semiconductor['semikan'dAkta]	напівпровідник
medium ['mkdjam]	засіб (media — множина)
to apply [a'plai]	використовувати
versatility [jVaisa'tiliti]	різнобічність, багатосторонність
to gauge [’geid3]	вимірювати, оцінювати
to enlarge [in'la :d3]	збільшувати
vacuum ['vaekjuam]	вакуум
to reduce [ri'dju:s]	скорочувати
circuit ['saikit]	ланцюг
evident ['evidnt]	очевидний
jet [d3et]	реактивний двигун; струмінь
reliable [ri'laiabl]	надійний
to ensure [in'/ua]	забезпечувати