- •РThe object, subject and tasks of stylistics. Stylistics in the system of sciences.
- •Initial notions of stylistics.
- •Basic notions of stylistics.
- •5. Graphic - phonetic stylistic devices.
- •6. Stylistic devices of using nouns.
- •7. Stylistic devices of using adjectives.
- •8. Stylistic devices of using pronouns.
- •9. Stylistic devices of using pronouns.
- •11. Stylistic devices of using verbs.
- •13. Criteria for stylistic differentiation of the English word-stock.
- •14. General characteristics of the words having lexico-stylistic paradigm. Stylistic classes of words.
- •15. Stylistic functions of literary words. The difference between historic and archaic words, lexical and stylistic neologisms.
- •16. Stylistic functions of conversational words.
- •17. Stylistic functions of words having no lexico-stylistic paradigm.
- •18. Stylistic functions of phraseology.
- •19. The notion of expressive means and stylistic devices on the syntactical level.
- •20. Expressive means based on the deliberate reduction of some elements
- •21. Expressive means based on the redundancy of some elements of the sentence structure.
- •22. Expressive means based on the violation of word order in the sentence structure.
- •23. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of syntactical constructions of several contact clauses or sentences.
- •24. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of types and forms of connection between clauses and sentences.
- •25. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of meaning of syntactic structure in the given context.
- •26. General characteristics of figures of substitution.
- •27. Figures of quantity.
- •28. Figures of quality.
- •29. Metaphorical group. Syntactical and semantic differences of metaphor and metonymy. Types of metaphor.
- •30. Metonymical group.
- •31. Irony.
- •40. Personality/impersonality of the text.
- •41. Aim at the reader.
- •42. The notion of aim and function. Pragmatic and linguistic aims of the speaker. Functions of the language system, speech activity, speech.
- •43. Stylistics of the language. The practical and poetic language. The oral and written types and forms of language. The utterance and the text.
- •44. Stylistics of speech activity. The notion of speech functional style. Factors which determine the choice of a style.
- •45. The problem of speech functional style classification.
- •46. Stylistics of speech. Types of texts. Genres of texts. Stylistics of individual speech.
- •49. Scientific style in Modern English.
- •50. Literary conversational style in Modern English.
- •51. Colloquial style in Modern English.
24. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of types and forms of connection between clauses and sentences.
Structural types of sentences which are characterized by transformation of types and means of syntactic connection contain certain expressiveness, consequently, they are stylistically coloured. Here we refer parcellation,coordination instead of subordination and subordination instead of coordination,
Parcellation is a deliberate break of the sentence structure into two or more isolated parts, separated by a pause and a period. Parcellation is typical of colloquial speech. The main stylistic functions of parcellation are as follows:1)specification of some concepts or facts, e.g. His wife had told him only the nightbefore that he was getting a habit of it. Curious things, habits. Or: Then the pain began. Slaw. Deliberate. Methodical And professional.2)characterization of the personages' emotional state, e.g. It angered him finally. With a curious sort of anger. Detached, somehow, separate from himself"3)description of the events or giving the personages portrayal, e.g. I'd say he was thirty-five or six. Sallow, dark hair and eyes, with the eyes set pretty close together,big mouth, long limp nose, bat-wing ears shifty-looking .The usage of coordination instead of subordination helps the author to show different planes of the narrative. In this case the connection itself is more important stylistically than the content of the sentence, e.g. He was more enthusiastic about America than ever, and he was not so simple, and he was not so nice. When using coordination instead of subordination erasing logical connection between the utterances, the author tries to create several planes of the narrative. A numerous repetition of the conjunction and connects sentences that are entirely different in their relations to one another. In the example to follow a simple and a compound sentence are connected with the help of but. In the compound sentence the conjunction and expresses cause and effect between the two utterances: The iridescent bubbles were beautiful. But they were the falsest thing in the sea and the old man loved to see the big sea turtles.
25. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of meaning of syntactic structure in the given context.
Rhetoric questions are negative or affirmative statements rather than questions, possible answers being implied by the question itself, e.g. Is the day of the supernatural over?
Rhetoric questions are often present in the oratorical style. The rhetoric question in this speech is a means of attracting attention of the audience, it makes the last statement in court sound very emotional for the speaker wants to achieve the pragmatic aim - to be justified in court. Rhetoric questions can often be found in modern fiction in the descriptions of the character's inner state, his/her meditations and reflections, e.g. And then, like a douche of cold water, came the horrible thought was she right?. From the above examples one can see that rhetoric questions express various kinds of modal shades of meaning, among them doubt, challenge, scorn, irony and so on.