- •РThe object, subject and tasks of stylistics. Stylistics in the system of sciences.
- •Initial notions of stylistics.
- •Basic notions of stylistics.
- •5. Graphic - phonetic stylistic devices.
- •6. Stylistic devices of using nouns.
- •7. Stylistic devices of using adjectives.
- •8. Stylistic devices of using pronouns.
- •9. Stylistic devices of using pronouns.
- •11. Stylistic devices of using verbs.
- •13. Criteria for stylistic differentiation of the English word-stock.
- •14. General characteristics of the words having lexico-stylistic paradigm. Stylistic classes of words.
- •15. Stylistic functions of literary words. The difference between historic and archaic words, lexical and stylistic neologisms.
- •16. Stylistic functions of conversational words.
- •17. Stylistic functions of words having no lexico-stylistic paradigm.
- •18. Stylistic functions of phraseology.
- •19. The notion of expressive means and stylistic devices on the syntactical level.
- •20. Expressive means based on the deliberate reduction of some elements
- •21. Expressive means based on the redundancy of some elements of the sentence structure.
- •22. Expressive means based on the violation of word order in the sentence structure.
- •23. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of syntactical constructions of several contact clauses or sentences.
- •24. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of types and forms of connection between clauses and sentences.
- •25. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of meaning of syntactic structure in the given context.
- •26. General characteristics of figures of substitution.
- •27. Figures of quantity.
- •28. Figures of quality.
- •29. Metaphorical group. Syntactical and semantic differences of metaphor and metonymy. Types of metaphor.
- •30. Metonymical group.
- •31. Irony.
- •40. Personality/impersonality of the text.
- •41. Aim at the reader.
- •42. The notion of aim and function. Pragmatic and linguistic aims of the speaker. Functions of the language system, speech activity, speech.
- •43. Stylistics of the language. The practical and poetic language. The oral and written types and forms of language. The utterance and the text.
- •44. Stylistics of speech activity. The notion of speech functional style. Factors which determine the choice of a style.
- •45. The problem of speech functional style classification.
- •46. Stylistics of speech. Types of texts. Genres of texts. Stylistics of individual speech.
- •49. Scientific style in Modern English.
- •50. Literary conversational style in Modern English.
- •51. Colloquial style in Modern English.
19. The notion of expressive means and stylistic devices on the syntactical level.
Stylistic syntax deals with specific patterns of syntactic usage, i.e. syntactical expressive means (EM) and stylistic devices (SD). Syntactical expressive means are such syntactical patterns that carry additional logical or expressive information which increases the pragmatic effect of the utterance and speech on the whole. According to the type of transformation of the neutral syntactical pattern, all EM in English fall into three groups: 1.EM based on the reduction of the syntactical pattern that results from the deliberate omission of some obligatory element(s) of the sentence structure. This group includes ellipsis, aposiopesis, nominative sentences, and asyndeton.2. EM based on the redundancy of the syntactical pattern that results from the addition of some sentence elements or their deliberate repetition. To this group we refer repetition, enumeration, syntactic tautology, polysyndeton, emphatic constructions, parenthetical clauses or sentences. 3.EM based on the violation of the grammatically fixed word order within a sentence or a deliberate isolation of some parts of the sentence. Here belong stylistic inversion, syntactical split, and detachment. Syntactical stylistic devices are means of combination of similar syntactical patterns within the limits of the suprasyntectical level. 1.SD based on formal and semantic interaction of syntactical constructions within a sentential or suprasentential context: parallelism, chiasmus, anaphora, epiphora. 2. SD based on the transposition of the syntactical meaning in context: rhetoric questions.3. SD based on the transformation of types and means of syntactic connection between clauses and sentences: parcellation, coordination, instead of subordination, subordination instead of coordination.
20. Expressive means based on the deliberate reduction of some elements
Ellipsis is the omission from a syntactical construction of one or more words which might be clearly understood from context. Being used in fiction, they result in achieving some stylistic effect by: a)giving speech characteristics, e.g. Not him, sir. Too pleased with himself. b)emphasizing some fact(s), e.g. Long Ago. c) imitating spontaneity, e.g. "Quick - in here ". Aposiopesis is a break in speech, while the thought is not completed, which is caused by the speaker's inability or unwillingness to finish the utterance. (It can't be -you don't mean...). Nominative sentences are one-member sentences with a noun, a prepositional noun-phrase, or an adverb. These verbless sentences are grammatically independent. Nominative sentences may produce the effect of: - increasing the dynamism of narration No waiting - no preparation. This afternoon - this very afternoon - with him here as witness...; - acquainting the reader with the place or background of action. Asyndeton is a deliberate avoidance of conjunctions used to connect sentences, clauses, or words. As far as its stylistic role is concerned, asyndeton creates a certain rhythmical arrangement, usually making the narrative measured, energetic, and tense. That's all I'm to do. All I want to do… .