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A) against, from, to, under, upon

1) the parties ... a contract

2) pursuant … the contract

3) to have rights and obligations …a contract

4) to benefit … the contract.

5) to assign rights or delegate duties … a third party

6) enforce a contract … someone

7) a third-party beneficiary … a contract

8) in reliance ... the contract

B) against, of, on, to, under

1) A party … a contract may transfer the rights arising … the contract … another.

2) Privity of contract refers … the fact that only the actual parties … a contract should have rights and liability … the contract.

3) A third-party beneficiary contract is formed when parties intend … confer a benefit … a third party.

4) The benefit … a contract is an enforceable right … the other party.

TRANSLATION HINTS

Here and there, more rarely where, form root elements of the English adverbs like:

(t)hereafter, (t)hereby, (t)herein, (t)hereof, (t)hereto, (t)heretofore, hereander, (t)herewith, etc. They are abundant throughout the genre of law with the meaning of „in, under, and across, complying with, or related to, or following from the document under study“.

So, here+preposition always refers to the related document, while there+preposition as a rule refers to the nearest logically connected with it noun, e.g.:

Contractor hereby agrees to pay to Company as compensation… - Відповідно до цього документу, Підрядник погоджується виплачувати Компанії компенсацію…

The Contractor shall submit following matters to the Management Committee for review and approval: annual work programme and employment plan together with any modification thereto. – Підрядник представляє на розгляд і затвердження Спостережувальній Раді такі питання: річну програму робіт і план використання і підготовки кадрів разом з будь-якими змінами чи поправками до них.

Hereby=згідно з цим документом

Hereafter=нижче у цьому документі; надалі

Herein=у цьому документі

Hereto=до цього документу

Hereunder=за умовами цього документу; відповідно до цього документу

Hereinafter=далі у цьому документі

Mind: Therefor = for it, for that and

Therefore = consequently

Exercise5. Complete sentences with appropriate words from the list. To help you, each sentence is followed by an explanation in italics of the function of the missing word. Translate the sentences

aforementioned; hereafter; hereby; herein; hereinafter; hereof; hereto; heretofore; hereunder; herewith; therein; hereinbefore

1) We are somewhat confused, as the contract we received named the company as The Sophos Partnership in the first paragraph, but __ as Sophos Ltd. (listed or mentioned afterwards in the document)

2) Could you explain why the interest rate is quoted as 17% on the final page of the agreement you sent us, but as 15_____. (listed or mentioned earlier in a document)

3) He was present when the exchange took place, and has been summoned as witness___. (of this event / fact)

4) For more information, see the documents listed____. (below this heading or phrase)

5) All parties are expected to comply with the conditions stated ____, unless a formal application is made to do otherwise. (in this document)

6) Final delivery of the merchandise is to be made no later than the dates listed __. (relating or belonging to this document)

7) The copyright for this book will __ be in the name of the author, Archibald Thrupp. (from this time on)

8) According to the schedule of payments attached ____, invoices must be submitted at the end of each month. (to this document)

9) You are advised to refer to the previous contract, and the terms and conditions cited ____. (in that document)

10) The accused is to report to his probationer twice a week for the first month, and ___ once a week for the next five months. (after that)

11) The parties ___ acting as trustees are to be consulted regularly. (previously, earlier or before now)

12) Thank you for the prompt despatch of our goods. Please find a cheque enclosed _____. (together with this letter or document)

13) This agreement is made on 1 April 2007 between Blueberry Press (___ called the PUBLISHER), and Michael Halmsworth (____ called the AUTHOR). (stated later in this document: the same word should be used to complete both gaps)

14) Mr Harrison has failed to comply with the terms set out in his contract, and we ___ revoke the contract. (as a result or in this way)

15) The ___ company was awarded the contract under certain conditions. (mentioned earlier)

Exercise6. Translate into English, using adverbs with “here”

  1. Відповідно до Статті 5.9 цієї Угоди;

  2. Згідно з цією Угодою, Підрядник погоджується виплатити компенсацію;

  3. Як це викладено далі у цій Угоді;

  4. Цією Угодою я уповноважую;

  5. Список додається до цього документу;

  6. Цим ми повідомляємо вас про завершення;

  7. У порядку, передбаченому цією Угодою;

  8. Сторона 1 і Сторона 2 (тут і надалі Покупець і Продавець).

TRANSLATION HINTS

In legal documents, the verb “shall” is used to indicate obligation, to express a promise or to make a declaration to which the parties involved are legally bound. Thus in legal texts “shall” usually expresses the meaning of “must” (obligation), e.g. Every notice of the meeting of the shareholders shall state the place, date and hour. It is usually translated into Ukrainian with present tense form, e.g.: The Seller shall sell and the Buyer shall buy the merchandise… - Продавець продає, а Покупець купляє товари…

Shall=has the duty to

Must=is required to

May=is permitted to

Exercise7. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the modals

1) The Secretary of State may by order provide for provisions of Part 1 of Schedule 4 to apply to every person who under section 38 is designated as a community support officer.

2) I direct that all my debts and obligations, including …..be paid as soon after my death as practical; except that any mortgage indebtedness or other long term contractual indebtedness …., which may exist as a part of my Estate, may be continued and assumed by…

3) All such payments shall be made to Landlord at Landlord's address as set forth in the preamble to this Agreement on or before the due date and without demand.

4) Tenant shall make no alterations to the buildings or improvements on the Premises or construct any building or make any other improvements on the Premises without the prior written consent of Landlord.

5) Husband shall pay to Wife spousal support in the sum of …...

6) Tenant shall comply with any and all laws, ordinances, rules and orders of any and all governmental or quasi-governmental authorities affecting the cleanliness, use, occupancy and preservation of the Premises.

Exercise8. Examine the chart. Give Ukrainian or English equivalents where missed. Translate the sentences in the 3d column into Ukrainian, paying special attention to rendering the modals and adverbs with ”here”

TYPE OF CONTRACT

PARTIES TO CONTRACT

EXAMPLES

Sale (and Purchase) Agreement

___________

Продавец

Seller

____________

Buyer /Purchaser

The Seller shall sell to the Purchaser and the Purchaser shall accept and pay for the Products specified in Annex 1 hereto.

Supply Agreement

___________

Supplier

______

Покупець

________

Any goods delivered by the Supplier to the Purchaser hereunder shall be accepted by the Purchaser in accordance with Section 3.1 hereof

(Work) Contract

___________

Підрядник

Contractor

Замовник

Customer

In the performance of the work, the Contractor shall comply with all instructions of the Customer consistent with the Statement of Work.

Service(s) Agreement

_________

Виконавець

Provider

Customer

________

The Customer shall pay for any services rendered by the Provider hereunder at the rates indicated in the Provider’s then current Fee Schedule.

Lease (Agreement)

__________

Lessor/

Landlord

___________

Орендар

_________

The Landlord shall ensure free and unrestricted access to the Leased Premises for the Lessee, its employees, clients and invitees.

Loan Agreement

_________

______

Lender

Позичальник

___________

The Borrower shall repay the Loan forthwith upon receipt of a Default Notice from the Lender

Credit/Loan Agreement

__________

Кредитор

Lender/

Creditor

___________

Borrower

The Borrower shall pay interest to the Creditor on the outstanding principal of the Loan at a rate of LIBOR plus 3% per annum.

Agency Agreement

___________

Agent

______

Принципал

_________

The Agent shall act as the Principal’s agent with respect to the marketing and sale of the Products in the Territory.

Trust Deed /Deed of Settlement

___________

Trustee

________

Засновник (управління)

Settlor

A trust is a relationship created by a "settlоr" whereby during his lifetime he transfers assets to a "trustee" for the benefit of another person or class of persons called "beneficiaries".

Pledge Agreement

___________

Заставо-давець

Pledgor

___________

Pledgee/

Pledgeholder

If at any time any of the Pledged Assets are lost or damaged, the Pledgor shall pledge to the Pledgee new assets instead of such lost or damaged Pledged Assets so that the value of the Pledged Assets after such replacement shall be not less than stipulated in Article 2.1 hereof.

Mortgage

_________

________

Mortgagor

Кредитор

Mortgagee

The Land Plot mortgaged to the Mortgagee hereunder shall remain in the possession and use of the Mortgagor.

Suretyship Agreement

__________

Поручитель

_________

___________

Creditor

In any of the events listed in (a) through (d) above, the Surety shall pay the full amount of the Obligations promptly upon demand of the Creditor.

Guarantee (Agreement)

___________

________

Guarantor

Бенефіціар

Beneficiary

On request by, and at the expense of, the guarantee debtor, we, as the Guarantor hereunder, guarantee payment to the Beneficiary on his first request of a sum not exceeding the accumulated maximum guarantee amount.

Insurance Policy

___________

Insurer

_________

Страхувальник/Insurant

Застрахована особа/Insured

Вигодонабувач/Beneficiary

The Insurant shall promptly notify the Insurer of any changes in the address or any other material details of the Insurant or any Beneficiary under this Policy.

Franchise Agreement

________

Franchisor

__________

Franchisee

_____________

In its business operations under this Franchise Agreement, the Franchisee shall comply with the Rules of Business Conduct as established from time to time by the Franchisor.

License Agreement

___________

Лицензіар

Licensor

Лицензіат

Licensee

Pursuant to this License Agreement, the Licensee shall acquire no title, right or interest to or in the Trademark except for the limited right to use the Trademark as described herein.

Assignment Agreement

___________

Цедент

Assignor

Цесіонарій

___________

In consideration for the rights assigned to the Assignee hereunder, the Assignee shall release the Assignor from its obligation to pay to the Assignee the amount of One hundred thousand U.S. Dollars ($100,000).

UNIT 3

TRANSLATION HINTS

Note the widely used patterns to express conditionality referring to the future, i.e. future happenings:

a) In the beginning of the sentence:

Should you have questions (complaints) – Якщо у вас виникнуть питання, претензії;

Should the Parties fail to agree on a dispute – У випадку недосягнення Сторонами згоди у спірному питанні;

In the event (of) – У тому випадку, якщо;

In case (of) – У (тому) випадку, якщо;

Where – У тих випадках коли; у тому випадку якщо; якщо;

e.g.: In the event of such negotiation efforts failure – У випадку недосягнення домовленості шляхом переговорів.

b) within the sentence:

subject to sth – за умови якщо; у тому випадку якщо; якщо;

provided (that) – у тому випадку якщо; за умови якщо; якщо тільки;

provided, however, - однак, за умови

c) to introduce the negative conditionality both within the sentence and in its beginning:

unless – якщо тільки не; за умови що не;

except as otherwise provided in these provisions – якщо інше не передбачено положеннями (договору, угоди та ін.); якщо положення (договору, угоди та ін.) не передбачають іншого.

Exercise1. Translate the following conditional sentences into Ukrainian

  1. In the event of such negotiation efforts failure.

  2. Should the Parties fail to agree on dispute, such dispute shall be referred to arbitration.

  3. In this Agreement the following terms shall have the following meanings save as otherwise provided herein.

  4. Where we are liable for any unauthorized transaction, we will credit your account with any money.

  5. Subject to section 2 above, any instruction given by you will be carried out by us.

  6. Subject to the terms and conditions of this agreement, the sale and purchase of the shares shall take place on a date mutually agreed between the Parties.

  7. Except as specifically provided elsewhere, if this agreement shall be terminated as above provided, all obligations of the Parties hereunder shall terminate.

  8. Provided you follow our guarantee conditions, you may use the card to guarantee payment.

  9. In the event the customer has questions regarding the registration process, the customer should direct that question to customer service department.

  10. Except as expressly stated herein, this Agreement does not grant you any intellectual property rights.

  11. Subject as aforesaid, every employee of the company shall be indemnified against any liability incurred by them.

  12. This Agreement shall inure to and be binding upon the successors and assigns of the Parties hereto; provided, however, that neither Party shall assign this Agreement without first having obtained the written approval of the other Party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.

Exercise2. The following prepositional phrases are common in legal texts

a) Match the prepositional phrases with their definition and translate them

1) in terms of

a) for the purpose of; by the route through

2) in the course of

b) as an answer to; in reply to

3) by way of

c) with respect or relation to; as indicated by

4) in response to

d) while, during

b) Complete these sentences using the prepositional phrase from the box that best fits in each one

  1. ____ choosing the name of the company, a number of matters must be considered.

  2. Confidential information acquired _____ one's directorship shall not be used for personal advantage.

  3. I would advise that members of your project group formalize your relationship ___ a partnership agreement, incorporation or limited liability company.

  4. This form of corporation is often considered to be the most flexible body ____ corporate structure.

  5. Our company formations expert is unable to provide advice ____ your query, as there are a number of factors which need to be taken into account which do not relate directly to his area of expertise.

  6. The relationship between management and boards of directors at US multinational companies has been changed dramatically through a series of corporate governance initiatives begun ____ corporate scandals, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other requirements.

  7. Shareholders and other investors in corporations tend to view corporate governance ____ the corporation's increasing value over time.

  8. Regular and extraordinary board meetings may be held by telephone. video-telephone and ____ written resolutions.

Exercise3. The verbs below can be used to express what a law says. Translate and use the following English word combinations in the sentences of your own

The law stipulates / provides / specifies / states / sets forth / determines / lays down / prescribes that

Exercise4. Consult the dictionary and state the difference in usage of the following legal terms. Give their antonyms and use them in the sentences of your own: LEGITIMATE, LEGAL, LAWFUL

Exercise5. Translate the Contract, using the clichés below

With effect from the date hereof

Вступає у дію із зазначеної дати

At all times comply with

Неухильно дотримуватися

On behalf of

Від імені

The Parties have entered into this Agreement on the following

Сторони уклали цю Угоду про наступне

The term of … shall be effective upon the date entered into above

Термін дії … починається з моменту укладання

Which expression shall include

Таке найменування буде включати

Hereinafter referred to as

Надалі іменується

Whereas

Брати до уваги

Expressly so agreed

Недвозначно (однозначно) погоджено

Resulting from the operation of the guarantee

Такі що випливають з дії гарантії

Unless otherwise provided

Якщо не обумовлено інакше

Governed by and construed

Регулюються і тлумачаться

In witness whereof

У свідчення чого

Terms and conditions

Умови угоди

Acts of God and acts of public enemy

Стихійні лиха

Including, but not limited to

Включаючи, разом з іншим

Witnesseth

Преамбула (букв. “Засвідчує”)

Whereas, Buyer …

Оскільки (або враховуючи, що) Покупець

In its sole discretion

На свій власний розсуд

By virtue of

В силу ч-н.

Under and pursuant to this agreement

Згідно з цією Угодою

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