9. Sentence in the text

Sentences in continual speech are not used in isolation; they are interconnected both semantically-topically and syntactically.

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The primary division of sentence sequences in speech should be based on the communicative direction of their component sentences. From this point of view monologue sequences and dialogue sequences are to be discriminated.

In monologue, sentences connected in a continual sequence are directed from one speaker to his one or several listeners. Thus, the sequence of this type can be characterized as a one-direction sequence.

As different from this, sentences in a dialogue sequence are uttered by the speakers-interlocutors in turn, so that they are directed, as it were, to meet one another; the sequence of this type, then, should be characterized as a two-direction sequence.

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Seminar 3.

Theme: Grammar in the system of language. Morphology. Parts of speech.

Plan:

3. Language and Speech.

4. Linguistic levels.

3. Practical and theoretical grammar.

4. The main features of an analytical language.

5. Morphology and Syntax.

6. Word.

7. Morpheme.

8. Different approaches to the classification of words.

9. Scerba's classification of words.

10. Notional and functional parts of speech.

Recommended Literature:

1. M.Y.Blokh. A Course in the Theoretical English Grammar. - M., 1983, pp.6-17, 17-28,32-35,37-45.

2. B.Ilyish. The Structure of Modern English. - L., 1971, pp. 5-Ю, 12-13, 22-

26, 27-35.

3. N.M.Rayevska. Modern English Grammar. - K., 1976, pp. 11-36, 60-66, 67- 71.

4.И.П.Иванова, В.В.Бурлакова, Г.Г.Почепцов. Теоретическая граматика английского языка. М., 1981, с. 4-6, 11-14, 14-20.

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Exercise 1. State whether it is possible to define the reference of the words to a particular class of words. What properties appear to be helpful in this: \ _олил _tJJJ*

w ■

^ revolt, revolution, revolve, step, stop, order, orderly, ablaze, amaze, amazing, amazement,

amazingly, run, ride, round; мороз, морозний, морозити, заморожений, морозиво.

Exercise 2. State the part-of-speech reference of the underlined words. Define properties which show the belonging of the word to the particular class of words:

- The guest seldom order anything extraordinary. But in case they do, the order is swiftly

transmitted to the chief. - Mike usually appears at seven and calls me for a run. We run almost a mile round the lake.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Point out if all parts-of-speech of the original are preserved in the translation:

6. We had a walk round the town.

7. It was late night and Jack was terribly sleepy.

8. The train was an hour late.

9. He sat there silent, afraid to move, hardly alive.

10. The garden was surrounded by a high stonewall.

Exercise 4. Point to the factors facilitating (or otherwise) the identification of the parts-of-speech in the following English and Ukrainian words/ word-forms: ^^' _(/^^

clean, cleaner, cleaning; back; bad, badly; worse; force; good, goody, better; home; man; manned; psychology; before; round; save; start, waste.

добре, краще, мати, матір, молода/ молодий, варене/печене, перед, передове, відживаючи, батьків, вчений, край, береги, собі, моя / твоя.

Exercise 5. Synthetical and analytical forms of a word, (Synthetical - affixation, Sound interchange, suppletivety)

Analyse all the synthetical forms you find in the texts given below (define these forms, state in what way they are built up).

They were simple poems, of light and colour, and romance and adventure. "Sea Lyrics^, he called them, and he judged them to be the best work he had yet done.

There were thirty, and he completed them in a month, doing one a day having done his regular day's work of fiction, which day's work was the equivalent to a week's work of the average successful writer. The toil meant nothing to him. (J.London, "Martin Eden")

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Lecture 6 Theme: Parts of speech.

Plan:

1. Noun:

1. general characteristics;

2. classification of nouns;

3. number in nouns;

4. case in nouns;

5. article (general characteristics, "zero" article, peculiarities of its use).

2. Verb:

1. general characteristics;

2. tense;

3. aspect;

4. mood;

5. voice.

Recommended Literature:

1. M.Y.Blokh. A Course in the Theoretical English Grammar. - M., 1983, pp.49-85, 85-92, 137-152, 155-166.

2. B.Ilyish. The Structure of Modern English. - L., 1971. - p. 76-89.

3. N.M.Rayevska. Modern English Grammar. - K., 1976. - p. 72-88, 99-107, 130-159.

4. И.П.Иванова, В.В.Бурлакова, Г.Г.Почепцов. Теоретическая граматика. -p.21-34, 46-60.

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