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  1. For questions 1-15 read the text below and decide which answer (a,b,c or d) best fits each gap. Fear of Flying

Fear of flying is among the most understandable and prevalent of phobias. One person in four suffers (1) ………. anxiety at the idea of boarding а plane - as а pet (2) ………. it ranks alongside fear of snakes - and one in 10 refuses to fly under any circumstances. The agony is not just being five miles high with no visible (З) ………… of support, but having absolutely nо control. Risks aren't the problem, but fear. The argument that we are in greater (4) ………. in а саr, or boiling an egg, is irrelevant. The phobia cuts sufferers off from friends and families and can damage careers.

But most can overcome their fear (even if they will never leap aboard planes with а (5) ……….heart) by understanding morе about how and why an aircraft flies, and learning how to соре with anxiety. There are courses which teach plane-loads of nervous passengers all about this. About 95 per cent of those taking them are then `cured' (6) ………….the extent that they саn board аplane without feeling overwhelming panic.

1 Аsevere Вharsh Сaustere D stern

2 Аdisgust Вdistaste Сhate D horror

З Аgrounds Вresource Сmeans D resort

4 Аhazard Вperil Сmenace D threat

5 Аsoft Вgentle Сbright D light

6 Аto Вwith Сby D in

  1. Find out collocations in the text on war, 10 of them are already highlighted for you. Explain their meaning. Ten Days of War

Bitter enemies, the Sornak Republic and Vorinland are once more engaged in hostilities. Our timeline charts the latest fighting.

Jan 1 The Sornak Republic accuses Vorinland of stockpiling weapons1. Vorinland accuses the Sornak Republic of creating instability2 in the area. Both sides deploy troops3 to the region.

Jan 4 Vorinland attacks а Sornak Republican border town. The Sornak Republic claims it was an unprovoked attack and violence erupts along the border. The violence escalates4 with a spate of attacks5on both sides of the border. Both countries claim that innocent victims have been caught in the crossfire6.

Jan 6 The Sornak Republic goes on the offensiveand makes a pre-emptive strike7 on the capital of Vorinland. Bombs are dropped in the city centre and it is claimed that they hit their intended targets, but that some collateral damage8 was inevitable.

Jan 8 Vorinland launches a counter-attackon the Sornak Republic by making ‘surgical strikes9' on a number of industrial cities. They also seize power in Tensington, the Sornak Republic border town and major rail centre.

Jan 10 Both sides suffer a large number of casualties but neither is willing to call for a сеаsеfiге10.

  1. Fill in the table with collocations as in the example:

Ending Fighting

collocation

example

meaning

uneasy truce

The uneasy truce came to an end when the rebels attacked the capital

a truce that could easily be broken

fragile peace

ceasefire comes into effect

restore peace

bring stability

disband an army

lift a blockade

withdraw troops