1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text.

1. Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks.

2. They usually comprise four equipment systems.

3. Until the 20th century and into the early 21th century heavy machines were drawn under human or animal power.

4. During the 20th century, internal-combustion engines became the major power source of heavy equipment.

5. The first mass-produced heavy machine was the Fordson tractor in 1919.

2) Match heads and tails

Heavy equipment functions through the mechanical advantage of	were used, but today diesel engines are dominant.
With the advent of portable steam-powered engines the drawn machine precursors	a new machine core traction engine, that can be configured as the steam tractor and the steamroller.
The design of a core tractor evolved around the new steam power source into	a simple machine, the ratio between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied.
Kerosene, ethanol and gasoline engines	they became commonplace for civilian machinery such as the bulldozer.
Tracks became extensively used for tanks during World War I, and after the war	were reconfigured with the new engines, such as the combine harvester.

3) Match these terms with their definitions

heavy equipment	a powerful track-laying tractor with caterpillar tracks and a broad curved upright blade at the front for clearing ground
tractor	a vehicle with a pronged device in front for lifting and carrying heavy loads
harvester	a powerful motor vehicle with large rear wheels, used chiefly on farms for hauling equipment and trailers
forklift	a machine which cuts and often collects crops such as wheat, maize, or vegetables
bulldozer	heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks

4) Fill in the gaps

The design of a ___1___evolved around the new steam power source into a new machine core traction engine, that can be configured as the ___2___and the steamroller. During the 20th century, ___3____became the major power source of heavy equipment. Kerosene, ethanol and ___4___were used, but today diesel engines are dominant. Mechanical ___5____was in many cases replaced by hydraulic machinery.

1. steam tractor

2. transmission

3. core tractor

4. earnings

5. internal-combustion engines

Құрастырушы

Оқытушы _________________________ Жамалиева А.А.

(қолы)

«Шет тілдері» кафедрасының отырысында қарастырылған және бекітілген.

Хаттама № _ ________________ ж.

Д.СЕРІКБАЕВ атындағы ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК

ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ

Ақпараттық технологиялар және энергетика факультеті

Шет тілдер кафедрасы

БЕКІТЕМІН

каф.меңгерушісі

­­­­­________Сарсембаева А.А

_____________________ж.

Automotive repair shops

Automobile repair shops often can be specialty shops specializing in certain parts such as brakes, mufflers, transmissions, body parts, tyres and automobile electrification, windshields, and oil changes.

There are also independently-owned specialists who only work on certain brands of vehicles, such as European car specialists and BMW repair specialists.

A third type of repair shop is the service departments of car dealerships. These shops are the only ones authorized to perform warranty and recall repairs by the manufacturers and distributors.

In the UK, a garage does not typically specialize in one area of the vehicle. Instead, they tend to repair all mechanical and servicing requirements, the only specialty being body repair and painting.

Many Automotive repair shops also offer paintwork repairs to scratches, scuffs and dents to vehicle damage as well as damage caused by collisions and major accidents. In order to insure high quality, permanent repairs, current body shop paint technology requires blending into the existing paint, instead of just painting a single panel and therefore normally requires the vehicle in their shop for a minimum of a few days.

The car is the most popular and usual means of transportation. By keeping your car in good condition you can reduce the risk of easy to fix problems causing an accident that could kill you, your passengers or people in other cars.