- •Interior Accessories
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:
- •2) Match heads and tails:
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:
- •2) Match heads and tails:
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:
- •2) Match heads and tails:
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:
- •2) Match heads and tails:
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text.
- •2) Match heads and tails
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text.
- •2) Match heads and tails
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text.
- •2) Match heads and tails
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text.
- •2) Match heads and tails
- •1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text.
- •2) Match heads and tails
1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:
In the European Union vehicles with a gross combination mass of less than 1,500 kilograms are known as Light commercial vehicles.
Almost all trucks are made of a chassis, a cab, an area for placing cargo or equipment, axles, suspension and roadwheels, an engine and a drivetrain.
The first known usage of "truck" was in 1661.
Modern trucks are powered by either gasoline or diesel engines.
A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport passengers.
2) Match heads and tails:
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Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with
the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile.
"Lorry" has its roots in the railroad industry, where the word is known to
mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators.
Modern trucks are powered by either gasoline or diesel engines,
with diesel dominant in commercial applications.
Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to
have been used in 1838 to refer to a type of truck specifically a large flat wagon.
Pneumatic, hydraulic, water, and electrical systems
may also be identified.
3) Match these terms with their definitions:
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trailer
the base frame of a car, carriage, or other wheeled vehicle
chassis
a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.
truck
an unpowered vehicle towed by another, in particular
fire truck
a vehicle used for carrying goods or fare-paying passengers
commercial vehicle
a large vehicle which carries fire fighters and equipment for putting out fires.
4) Fill in the gaps:
A truck (__1__) or lorry (__2__) is a motor vehicle designed __3__ . Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to __4__. Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount__5__, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators.
specialized equipment
an automobile
to transport cargo
British English
American English
Құрастырушы
Оқытушы _________________________ Жамалиева А.А.
(қолы)
«Шет тілдері» кафедрасының отырысында қарастырылған және бекітілген.
Хаттама № _ ________________ ж.
Д.СЕРІКБАЕВ атындағы ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Ақпараттық технологиялар және энергетика факультеті
Шет тілдер кафедрасы
БЕКІТЕМІН
каф.меңгерушісі
________Сарсембаева А.А
_____________________ж.
Brakes
Until the 1930s, most systems for stopping vehicles were mechanically actuated drum brakes with internally expanding shoes; i.e., foot pressure exerted on the brake pedal was carried directly to semicircular brake shoes by a system of flexible cables. Mechanical brakes, however, were difficult to keep adjusted so that equal braking force was applied at each wheel; and, as vehicle weights and speeds increased, more and more effort on the brake pedal was demanded of the driver.
Mechanical brakes were replaced by hydraulic systems, in which the brake pedal is connected to pistons in master cylinders and thence by steel tubing with flexible sections to individual cylinders at the wheels. Front and rear hydraulic circuits are separated. The wheel cylinders are located between the movable ends of the brake shoes, and each is fitted with two pistons. As these pistons move outward, they push the brake shoes against the inner surface of the brake drum attached to the wheel.
Further increases in vehicle weights and speeds in the 1950s made even hydraulic brakes difficult for drivers to operate effectively, and automobiles were equipped with power brake systems. These are virtually the same as the hydraulic system except that the piston of the master cylinder is operated by a vacuum piston and cylinder instead of by the pressure exerted on the brake pedal.
Disc brakes, originally developed for aircraft, have become increasingly popular because of their fade resistance. Although there are some four-wheel systems, usually discs are mounted on the front wheels.
Antilock braking systems (ABS) were available in the late 1980s and became standard equipment on a growing number of passenger cars. ABS installations consist of wheel-mounted sensors that input wheel rotation speed into a microprocessor.